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INDEX OF CONTENTS. 



259 ; conditions of profit on circulation, 259 ; comparaf ive 

 profits with 4 per cents at a premium, and 3^ and 3 per 

 cents at par, 260; private banking more remunerative in 

 the Western States, 260 ; monthly exports and imports 

 of merchandise for three years, 261 ; monthly imports of 

 specie, 261; total commerce for three years, 261; value of 

 exports and imports in American and foreign bottoms for 

 twenty-five years, 261 ; bankruptcy statistics, 262 ; ton- 

 nage statistics, 262 ; prices of stocks and bonds at the 

 commencement of 1880 and 1881, 263; average daily Clear- 

 ing-House exchanges in New York for seven years, 263 ; 

 United States coinage for three years, 263 ; gold coinage 

 law, 264; the silver coinage law, 264; necessity for a 

 normal ratio between the metals, 265; subsidiary coins, 

 265; trade-dollars, 265; paper currencies, 265; right to 

 collect duties in coin, 265 ; national-bank currency, 265, 

 266; gold and silver certificates, 266; Clearing-House cer- 

 tificates, 266 ; amount of currency in circulation, three 

 years, 267; paper currency and coin reserve of different 

 countries, 267 ; rule of the Treasury regarding reserve, 

 267 ; growth of paper circulation in France, 267 ; specie 

 and paper circulation of all countries, 268. 



Fishery Exhibition. International Exhibition at Berlin, 321; 

 bill and debate in Congress on the participation of the 

 United States, 150-152. 



Florida. Revenue and disbursements, 269; debt, 269; In- 

 dian war claim, 269 ; taxation, 270; proposed exemption 

 of manufactories, 270 ; assessed valuation of the State, 

 270, 271 ; tax-sales, 271 ; homestead law, 271 ; swamp 

 and overflowed lands, 271, 272; internal improvement 

 fund, 272; Florida railroad cases, 272; Penitentiary, 272; 

 Insane Asylum, 272; river and harbor improvements, 

 273; Eepublican Convention, 273; Democratic Conven- 

 tion, 273; platform, 273; question of disfranchisement 

 for petit larceny, 274 ; election frauds, 275 ; results of the 

 election, 275; census, 275. 



Fog and Clouds. Moisture accumulates around solid nu- 

 clei, 275; demonstration, 276. 



FOLGEK, CHARLES J. Chief-Justice of New York State, 

 his nomination, 575 ; election, 576 ; sketch of his life, 

 576. 



FOOTE, HENRY 9. American politician, biographical notice, 

 276. 



FORSTER, WILLIAM EDWARD. British Cabinet oflicer, bio- 

 graphical account, 276, 277. 



Fortune Bay Affair. History of the dispute, 218. 



FOSTER, LAFAYETTE 8. American statesman, biographical 

 sketch, 277. 



France. Administration, 277; system of representation, 

 277 ; area and population, 277 ; vital statistics, 278 ; re- 

 ceipts and expenditures, 278; debt, 278; army law, 278; 

 strength of army, 278, 279 ; navy, 279 ; commerce, 279 ; 

 railroads, 279; sugar production, 279; savings-banks, 

 280; statistics of dependencies, 280; the Saharan Railway, 

 280; African policy, 280; Cabinet changes, 280, 281; the 

 new Ministers, 281 ; session of the Chambers, 281 ; de- 

 bate on the Ferry Educational Bills, 281-283 ; high schools 

 for girls, 283 ; army chaplains bill, 283 ; right of meeting 

 laws, 283 ; general amnesty, 284; tariff debates, 284 ; de- 

 bate on the administration of Algeria, 285 ; Bastile cele- 

 bration, 285; foreign relations, 285 ; amnestied Commu- 

 nards, 285, 286. 



GARFIKLD, JAMES ABRAM. Representative in Congress from 

 Ohio, his amendment to bill in Congress for payment of 

 United States marshals and deputies, 163; speech on the 

 bill, 165; sketch of his life and career, 286-288; birth and 

 education, 286 ; military services, 286 ; political career, 286, 



287 ; nominated at Chicago, 696 ; his letter of acceptance, 

 700 ; elected President, 702, 703. 



GARLAND, A. H. Senator from Arkansas, 136; on a tariff 



commission, 178; on Confederate disabilities, 189, 194. 

 Geographical Progress and Discovery. Fields of explora- 

 tion, 288; United States Gulf Stream exploration, 288 ; 

 exploration of the shores of Alaska and the Arctic Ocean, 

 289 ; Prejevalsky's expedition to Thibet, 289 ; exploration 

 of the Niger, 290, 291 ; tribes of the Benue Valley, 291, 

 292 ; communication between the Benue and the Shary 

 basin, 292 ; identity of the Shary and the Welle, 292 ; 

 Soleillet's Senegal expedition, 292 ; Lenz's expedition to 

 Timbuctoo, 293; Saharan Railway surveys, 293; Capella 

 and Ivens in Central Africa, 293-295; the Coango, 294, 

 295; the Belgian association for African exploration, 295; 

 different systems of transportation, 295, 296; the British 

 Geographical Society's expedition, 296, 297; geological 

 and ethnological observations in the lake-region, 296, 

 297 ; the Lukuga outlet of Tanganyika, 297; geological 

 changes in Western North America, 297 ; aboriginal 

 tribes in Central America, 298; Schwatka's Franklin 

 search expedition, 298-301 ; former searches, 29S ; relics 

 discovered, 298 ; route of the expedition, 299 ; discoveries 

 of skeletons and relics, 299 ; return from King William 

 Land, 300; severe cold and hardships, 300; fate of the 

 Franklin expedition, 301 ; the Corwin expedition, 801, 

 802; the Esquimaux of Alaska, 301,302; the land and 

 ocean fauna, 302 ; the ice in the Arctic Ocean, 302 ; Leigh 

 Smith's expedition to Franz Josef Land, 303 ; Dutch ex- 

 pedition to Nova Zembla, 803. 



Georgia. Material progress, 303 ; session of the Legislature, 

 803 ; acts passed, 303 ; taxation of railroads, 304 ; con- 

 stitutionality of the railroad commission, 304; Renfroe 

 suits, 804 ; compromise with ex-Treasurer Jones, 304 ; 

 finances, 305; sale of the Macon and Brunswick Railroad, 

 305; valuation of taxables, 305; census returns, 306; 

 education, 306; Penitentiary, 306 ; Lunatic Asylum, 806, 

 307 ; Deaf and Dumb Institute, 307 ; action of the railroad 

 commission, 307 ; commission of agriculture, 307 ; min- 

 eral resources, 307, 308; immigration policy, 308 ; cotton, 

 308; crippled-soldier fraud, 308; Presidential election 

 irregularity, 308; revenue disturbances, 808; projected 

 cotton exhibition, 309; repudiated railway bonds, 309, 

 310; Democratic canvass, 310; appointment of a Sen- 

 ator in place of Gordon, 310 ; biographical account of Sen- 

 ator Brown, 311 ; election, 311 ; declarations of the Sen- 

 ator-elect, 311 ; letter of General Lee on reconstruction, 

 311. 



Germany. Royal family, 812; area and population, 312; 

 population of cities, 312 ; decennial increase of total popu- 

 lation, 813; governments of provinces, 313; imperial 

 constitution, 313 ; emigration statistics, 313 ; vital statis- 

 tics, 313 ; universities, 314; budget, 314; debt, 314; pa- 

 per currency, 314; military statistics, 314, 315; navy, 

 315; shipping, 315 ; commerce, 816 ; live-stock statistics, 

 816; railroads, 316; postal statistics, 816; telegraphs, 

 316; session of Parliament, 316-820; army bill, 317-319; 

 continuance of socialist laws, 318 ; subsidy for South-Sea 

 trading company refused, 819 ; annexation of suburbs of 

 Hamburg, 319, 320; stamp-duty conflict, 320, 321 ; Inter- 

 national Fishery Exhibition, 321 ; Dusseldorf Industrial 

 Exhibition, 321 ; foreign relations, 321 ; defection of Na- 

 tional Liberals, 322 ; Cologne Cathedral, 322. 



GIFFORD, S. R. American painter, biographical account, 322. 



GLADSTONE, WILLIAM E. British Prime Minister, biograph- 

 ical sketch, 822, 323; forms a Cabinet, 834; his dispar- 

 agement of Austria, 834; his apology, 335. 



GORDON, JOHN B. Senator from Georgia, 136 ; on a commis- 

 sion to investigate the conditions of transportation, 184; 

 resignation of his senatorship, 310, 811. 



