ARCHJEOLOGY. (GREECE.) 



and evidently built of old materials. The ex- 

 cavations have also laid bare a portion of the 

 wall of the periltolos of the temple, and the 

 of some votive offerings. 



Statuettes at Tanagra. At Tanagra has been 

 found the tomb of a child, within which were 

 thirteen statuettes of the same subject, repre- 

 senting a nude man pressing to his bosom with 

 his left hand a cock. Several terra-cotta vaes 

 were found in the same place, of diverse forms, 

 and for the most part ornamented with flowers 

 (unthemia). One of the statuettes found at the 

 same time represents a woman standing; an- 

 other, an old woman with a babe in her arms; 

 another, a youth standing clad in a chiton, with 

 a purse in his right hand, and a chlamys hang- 

 ing from his left arm. Others represent women 

 seated, two naked children seated, a naked 

 child squatting on its heels, three men seated, 

 and one man standing. 



The Temple of Aphrodite at Cerigo. A report 

 on the remains of the ancient temple of Aphro- 

 dite in Cerigo lias been made by Dr. Schlie- 

 mann to the Berlin Society of Anthropologists. 

 The site is identical with that of the Church 

 of the Holy Kosmos; and the stones of the an- 

 cient sanctuary almost sufficed for the erection 

 of the church. The temple was a closed struct- 

 ure made of tufa-stone, with two rows of Doric 

 columns, four on each side, of extremely archaic 

 style. They are still preserved in the church, 

 with their capital and ornaments; but only 

 two of them, as well as the base of a column, 

 are in situ. On a hill-top in the neighborhood 

 are remains of Cyclopean fortifications, which 

 Dr. S^hliemann thinks, from the character of 

 the potsherds found, can not be older than the 

 seventh century before Christ. 



The Bock-Cat Tombs of Myeena. The excava- 

 tions at Mycenae continue to reveal fresh 

 tombs, so that the extent of the necropolis can 

 not yet be inferred. It appears, however, that 

 all the land surrounding the ancient city, ex- 

 cept where it was unsuitable, was used for 

 burial. The tombs are on the slope of the 

 hill, and consist of one or two chambers, 

 which are reached by passages either hori- 

 zontal or having a downward inclination, some- 

 times more than 20 metres long and 2 or 

 2\ metres broad. The- chambers are 35 or 40 

 square metres in area, and constructed with 

 great care. They appear to have been family 

 vaults, and to have their doors and passages 

 carefully hidden, to protect them against spoli- 

 ation. The skeletons are imperfectly preserved, 

 and seem to have been disturbed whenever 

 fresh interments were made; they were simply 

 laid out at full length, or placed in a sitting 

 posture. The tombs are ascribed to an earlier 

 date than the Homeric age, and even to a time 

 as far back as 2000 B. o. They have yielded 

 some objects that had not been found in other 

 tombs of the same date such as bronze mir- 

 rors, small knives that served as scissors, and 

 razors, which are now shown to have been in use 

 even in those early times. The most abundant 



articles are beads that belonged to necklaces. 

 They vary in shape, and are chiefly of glass; 

 but some are of stone as large as a franc-piece, 

 and engraved on one side with pictures of ani- 

 mals; and some are of onyx or natural crys- 

 tal. A silver vase in the shape of a phiale, 

 0'18 metre in diameter, and having one handle, 

 is adorned on the outer side of its rim with 

 faces of men in gold, and a golden ornament 

 under each. The character of the articles is 

 described as mostly Eastern. 



A Theatre and Temple at Mantineia. The excava- 

 tions made during 1887 and 1888 by the French 

 Archaeological School at Mantineia began with 

 the clearing of the theatre, which was built of 

 the common stone of the district, and presents 

 some peculiar features. While parts of the 

 building are so ruined that their ancient form 

 can not be reconstructed, the conduits by 

 which the rain-water was carried off are in 

 comparatively good preservation. Near this 

 building are the foundations of a temple, which 

 may be the temple to Hera spoken of by Pau- 

 sanias ; but no inscription has been found by 

 which to determine to whom it was dedicate*!. 

 This foundation and the remains of the temple 

 are both very near the surface of the soil. A 

 large semicircular building, of which about a 

 metre in height of the walls is left, gave the 

 inscription KVK\OS 6 irpbs TO y\> \ivaaiov. In front 

 and alongside of it were large double stoai 

 which may have formed part of the gym- 

 nasium. The wall of the circuit of the town, 

 in a fair state of preservation to the height of 

 a metre or more, is built of large polygonal 

 stones, and is 20 stadia in perimeter; more 

 than a hundred of its towers are preserved. 

 The roads mentioned by Pausanias as named 

 after the respective towns have been discov- 

 ered. Among the less massive relics are the 

 pieces of sculpture by Praxiteles recorded by 

 Pausanias as being in the temple of Leto. in- 

 cluding on one pedestal a representation of the 

 muses and of Marsyas playing on the flute; a 

 number of inscriptions, one of which records 

 the name of the great general Philoposmen ; 

 some terra-cotta tablets, which are supposed 

 to have been theatre-tickets; and votive tab- 

 lets. The stones of the ancient city have been 

 liberally used in the construction of the houses 

 of the modern town ; and some of the most in- 

 teresting objects were found walled in within 

 the sanctuary of the Byzantine church. 



Cyprus. Temple of Aphrodite at Old Paphos. A 

 " Cyprus Exploration Fund " has been formed, 

 under the auspices of the Society for the Pro- 

 motion of Hellenic studies, to carry out on the 

 island of Cyprus the same kind of work of 

 identification and recovery of remains of an- 

 tiqnity that has been successfully accomplished 

 in Palestine. Asia Minor, and Egypt. It is 

 under the care of a special committee of per- 

 sons interested in archaeological research. Per- 

 mission was obtained from the authorities to 

 excavate at Kouklia, on the site of the ancient 

 Paphos, and operations were begun there in 



