28 



ARCHAEOLOGY. (EGYPT.) 



December, 1 887, under the supervision of Mr. 

 Ernest A. Gardener. Excavations were also 

 made in January, 1888, by Mr. M. K. James 

 at the hill Leontari Vouno, Nikosia, in the 

 course of which were discovered traces of 

 early houses and walls, deep cuttings in the 

 rock, a massive fort, primitive walls mixed 

 with early pottery and other objects pointing 

 to a remote period, and archaic tombs. In the 

 tombs were found about two hundred vases, 

 with fragments of pottery and broken articles 

 of bronze, lead, and copper. 



The temple of Aphrodite, at old Paphos, 

 was cleared out, and a large portion of the 

 walls was laid bare. The majority of the 

 walls were found to belong to the restoration 

 of the temple made by Tiberius; but the Romans 

 appear to have made changes in the orienta- 

 tion of the parts of the structure that they 

 touched, so that difficulty was met in tracing 

 an accurate plan of the work. The plan of 

 the temple falls into two main divisions the 

 south wing, standing detached, and a quadri- 

 lateral, containing various halls and inclosures. 

 The south wing appears to be the earliest part 

 of the building of which any traces remain. 

 It consists of a large hall or court, bounded 

 on the west by a wall of massive blocks. Be- 

 tween this court and the great quadrangle are 

 remains of some irregular chambers and some 

 pier bases, which may have been part of a triple 

 avenue leading to the court. The rest of the 

 site is occupied by buildings of later construc- 

 tion, of which, beginning at the south, the first 

 to attract attention is a great hall or stoa, with 

 a row of columns down the center. The con- 

 struction is Roman, but it probably retains the 

 general character of earlier buildings; and of 

 such earlier chambers sufficient traces remain 

 to allow of a fairly accurate restoration. A 

 considerable number of inscriptions, a marble 

 head of Eros, said to be " a valuable acquisi- 

 tion to the treasures of Greek art," fragments 

 of bronze and terra-cotta, a fine bronze-gilt 

 pin, and a crystal cylinder belonging to a scep- 

 ter, were found in the temple. Among the in- 

 scriptions in the Oypriot syllabary was a tablet 

 containing a letter from Antiochus to Ptolemy 

 Alexander, a tablet bearing a list of contribu- 

 tors to a feast called the Elaichristion, and a 

 tablet bearing an elegiac inscription recording 

 that at the suggestion of King Nikokles the 

 town was fortified. Most of the inscriptions 

 were on the pedestals of statues dedicated in 

 the temple in Ptolemaic times, which confer 

 much light on the constitution of Cyprus dur- 

 ing that period. Some very interesting ob- 

 jects were found in the tombs of various peri- 

 ods that lie below the temple on the slope 

 toward the sea. A third work of excavation 

 was carried on at Anargeth, which was iden- 

 tified as the site of an ancient village, probably 

 called Melantha, where Apollo was worshiped 

 under the title of Opaon. 



Perforated Monoliths. Some curious perforated 

 stones monoliths near Anoyra, in the Lima- 



sol district, have been examined by Dr. F. H. 

 H. Guillemard. They are similar to two mono- 

 liths at Kuklia, which are described by Ces- 

 nola, and have been regarded as Phoenician, 

 and, perhaps, Phallic. Twenty -seven such 

 stones have been found at Anoyra, all of a 

 hard limestone. They are usually two feet in 

 depth, and from 2 feet 5 inches to 4 feet 3 

 inches in width, while the hole is generally 

 about 9 inches wide, and from 2 to 4 feet 

 high. The height above ground ranges from 

 6 to 10 feet. These stones are believed by 

 Dr. Guillemard, from their situation and ac- 

 companiments, to have been parts of mills or 

 of olive-presses. Others believe that though 

 they may have been adapted and utilized for 

 such purposes as these, they were originally 

 Phoenician, or prehistoric, and Phallic. 



Ancient Sites in Asia Minor. Mr. J. T. Bent, 

 giving an account to the British Association of 

 some discoveries that he had made in Asia 

 Minor, said that during a cruise along the south 

 coast of that country, he had found the sites 

 of three ancient towns and identified them by 

 inscriptions. In one place were thirty-three 

 inscriptions, many of them of great local in- 

 terest, introducing a doctor, Aristobulus by 

 name, who is mentioned by Galen, and numer- 

 ous consuls and pro-consuls of Rome, who 

 ruled there. Local offices and dignitaries, 

 family names and customs, are referred to in 

 all these inscriptions. At about five miles from 

 Lydse, inland, the authop discovered the ruins 

 of a fortress buried in a thick forest overlook- 

 ing a lake, and identified the place from in- 

 scriptions as Lissa. 



Egypt. Exploration Fund. The Egypt Ex- 

 ploration Fund, in acknowledgment of liberal 

 contributions to its resources (which amount 

 to fully one half of its fund) from the United 

 States, has authorized the presentation to the 

 Museum of Fine Arts, in Boston, of a selection 

 of Greek antiquities from Naucratis and of 

 Egyptian antiquities from Nebeshet, the city 

 of Onias, and Bubastis, and of a statue of heroic 

 size of Rameses II. 



The work of the fund for 1888 was begun by 

 Mr. F. Llewellen Griffith on the mounds of 

 Kum abu Billu, at Tarraneh, on the western 

 edge of the delta. The site is supposed to rep- 

 resent an ancient city named Terenuthis. The 

 remains yielded little that was of interest, and 

 the work was discontinued. 



Hyksos Monuments at Bubastis. The excavations 

 on the site of the great temple of Bubastis 

 were resumed on the 23d of February, 1888, 

 by Mr. Edouard Naville, with Mr. F. Llewellen 

 Griffith, Count d'Hulst, and the Rev. Mr. Mac- 

 Gregor. The two pits formed in 1887 were 

 thrown into one, and the ground was cleared 

 from east to west, following the axis of the tem- 

 ple till the whole width of the building was 

 laid bare. Among the discoveries were a third 

 hall built by Osorkon I, of red granite lined 

 with sculptured slabs ; the remains of a colon- 

 nade ; a monolithic shrine in red granite ; two 



