ARCHAEOLOGY. (HITTITE.) 



work, we may proceed to place the walls. The 

 third wall, built by Agrippa, does not concern 

 us. The site of the second wall has been 

 partly fixed by Herr Oonrad Schick. The first 

 wall was the wall of the Upper City. On the 

 northern side it ran from the Jaffa Gate to 

 the Haram wall. The uncertainty has been 

 about its southern portion. The investigations 

 of the author have led him to adopt a line 

 that corresponds in detail with the descrip- 

 tions in the Book of Nehemiah. Taking Nehe- 

 miah's night survey, then the consecutive allot- 

 ments of work assigned to those who repaired 

 the walls, and, thirdly, the points successively 

 reached and passed by the processionists when 

 the walls were dedicated, it is shown that every 

 mention of a gate or a tower, the number and 

 order of the salient and re-entering angles, 

 and every other note of locality, exactly agree 

 with the course of the walls as suggested. 

 This course, moreover, involves the least pos- 

 sible variation from the present line of walls, 

 and that more in the way of addition than of 

 deviation. The hypothesis commending itself 

 as true by corresponding minutely with Nehe- 

 miah's description, by tallying exactly with 

 other Biblical references, and by meeting all 

 the other requirements of the case, it has the 

 important practical bearing that it indicates 

 the site of the royal sepulchres, of the stairs 

 of the City of David, of " the gate between 

 the two walls," etc., and shows that Zion was 

 the eastern hill. 



Hittitc. Characteristic Figures of the Inscriptions. 

 In a course of lectures at the British Muse- 



the peoples of the country of the Khatti men- 

 tioned on the Assyrian monuments. Some of 

 the personages among the representatives of the 

 Bittites on Egyptian monuments, and also fig- 

 ures of persons in authority found at Jerablus, 

 or Carchemish, are represented with the " pig- 

 tail," while other figures are in long hair with- 

 out this style of dress. This would indicate 

 supposing the mass of the population to have 

 been Semitic or of allied race that there was 

 in some of the cities at least, a ruling stock of 

 another race, which may have been Tartar. 

 On the opposite sides of the walls of the great 

 chasm of Bogaz Keui are processions, one of 

 male the other of female figures which meet at 

 the head of the ravine, where a gigantic male 

 figure, standing on the bent-down heads of 

 two persons with long robes, and a female fig- 

 ure standing on some animal and wearing a 

 mural crown are presenting floral symbols in 

 which is a form like that of the mandragora or 

 mandrake, to each other. The figures in the 

 female procession, each bearing what resem- 

 bles an unstrung bow, remind the observer of 

 the Amazons ; and it is a striking fact that 

 Bogaz Keui is not far from the place, by the 

 river Thermodon, to which the Greeks assigned 

 the Amazons. If the story of the Amazons 

 was purely legendary, these sculptures might 

 be regarded as showing that it was believed in 

 in what might be regarded as their own coun- 

 try. A seal lately obtained from Yusgat, now 

 in the British Museum, is considered to cast 

 some light on the nature of the Hittite inscrip- 

 tions. It is circular and contains solar, devo- 



CENTKAL BASS-RELIEF AT BOGAZ KEUI. 



nm, Mr. Thomas Tyler expressed it as the cur- 

 rently received opinion that there probably 

 never was a Hittite empire in such a sense as 

 the word empire now suggests. The view that 

 the nation consisted of independent states or cit- 

 ies, which formed federations under pressure of 

 the necessities of war is apparently confirmed 

 by the expression, " King of the Hittites," used 

 in the Old Testament. These peoples are to be 

 identified with the Khita of the Egyptians and 



tional, and symbolical designs, with a male fig- 

 ure bringing tribute or a present, and a female 

 making obeisance to a king sitting on a throne, 

 behind whom are other figures symbolical, per- 

 haps, of the spoilsof war or thehunt. Thedesign 

 is analogous to a portion of the doorway inscrip- 

 tion from Jerablus, in which oxen, asses, and 

 other valuable possessions, the spoils of war, are 

 presented to a king wearing a pigtail and a con- 

 ical cap. A quadrangular seal from Tarsus, en- 



