42 



ARNOLD, MATTHEW. 



ASSOCIATIONS, SCIENCE. 



that formed the preface. His last appearance 

 as a poet is in " New Poems " (1867) ; but this 

 is a misnomer, for, like most of his volumes, it 

 is full of reprinted pieces. " Empedocles " is 

 restored in its entirety, but the most remarka- 

 ble additions are '' Thyrsis," " The Terrace at 

 Berne," " Dover Beach," the stanzas on Ober- 

 mann, and those from the " Grande Char- 

 treuse." In twosmall volumes entitled "Lectures 

 on translating Homer " and " Last Words, 1 ' he 

 argued the adaptability of the hexameter to 

 the English language. His "Essays in Criti- 

 cism," which first appeared in 1865, have had 

 a broadening and elevating effect on the writ- 

 ing of reviews and throughout the range of 

 modern English literature. " Study of Celtic 

 Literature" appeared in 1867. His lectures 

 gave to the Oxford professorship of Poetry m 

 importance that it never had attained before. 

 lie was re-elected at the end of fivo years, but 

 was compelled by the statute to retire on the 

 conclusion of his second term, and when sub- 

 sequently solicited to become a candidate again, 

 he invariably declined, recoiling from the con- 

 test that would arise from clerical opposition 

 caused by his writings. Assuming that his- 

 torical and philological criticism had unsettled 

 much that formed the accepted body of Chris- 

 tian belief, and perceiving that Christianity 

 was losing its hold on some classes of society, 

 he gave his mind to the consideration of what is 

 permanent, spiritual, and ennobling in religion, 

 with the view of presenting a purified and ra- 

 tional form of faith that would command the 

 acceptance of the callous and the skeptical. 

 Ten or twelve years after he had broached tho 

 subject in a magazine, he published a volume 

 containing his conclusions under the title of 

 " Literature and Dogma." This was supple- 

 mented by a review of criticisms upon it, en- 

 titled "God and the Bible," and in 1877 by 

 "Last Essays on Church and Religion." His 

 "Complete Poems" were published in two vol- 

 umes in 1876, and, with the addition of more 

 recent verses, in three volumes in 1885. Among 

 his books not already mentioned are " Culture 

 and Anarchy " (1869) ; St. Paul and Protest- 

 antism," with an essay on " Puritanism and 

 the Church of England " (1870); "Friendship's 

 Garland," a witty and amusing satire (1871); 

 " Higher Schools and Universities in Germany " 

 (1875); "Isaiah, XL, L, XVI, with the Shorter 

 Prophesies allied to it, edited with Notes" 

 (1875); a selected edition of Johnson's " Lives 

 of the Poets " with Macaulay's " Life of Samuel 

 Johnson" (1878); and " Mixed Essays " (1879). 

 He was an industrious writer for current litera- 

 ture, and few first - rate English magazines 

 failed to number him among their contributors. 

 His visits to the United States were made in 

 1883 and in 1886, during both of which tours 

 he lectured in most of the larger cities. His 

 last collected essays were "American Lectures" 

 (1887) ; and his last paper was " Civilization 

 in the United States," a widely read and much 

 quoted article, in which he severely criticises 



American habits, manners, literature, morals, 

 and general want of interest to the traveler. 

 "The man that introduced the useful adap- 

 tation ' Philistine,' " says Augustine Birrell, 

 "could have little sympathy with Democracy." 



ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF 

 SCIENCE. American. The thirty-seventh annual 

 meeting of the American Association for the 

 Advancement of Science was held at Cleve- 

 land, Ohio. The Central High School building 

 was devoted to the sessions. The meeting 

 began on Aug. 15, and adjourned Aug. 2'J, 

 1888. The following were the officers of the 

 meeting: President, John W. Powell, of Wash- 

 ington, D. C. ; Vice-Presidents : Section A, 

 Mathematics and Astronomy, Ormond Stone, 

 of the University of Virginia, Va. ; Section B, 

 Physics, Albert A. Michelson, of Cleveland, 

 Ohio; Section C, Chemistry, Charles E. Mun- 

 roe, of Newport, R. I. ; Section D, Mechanical 

 Science and Engineering, Calvin M. Woodward, 

 of St. Louis, Mo. ; Section E, Geology and Ge- 

 ography, George H. Cook, of New Brunswick, 

 N. J. ; Section F, Biology, Charles V. Riley, of 

 Washington, D. C. ; Section H, Anthropology, 

 Charles C. Abbott, of Trenton, N. J. ; Section 

 I, Economic Science and Statistics, Charles W. 

 Smiley, of Washington, D. C. Secretaries: 

 Section A, C. L. Doolittle, of Bethlehem, Pa. ; 

 Section B, Alex. Macfarlane, of Austin, Tex. ; 

 Section C, William L. Dudley, of Nashville, 

 Tenn. ; Section D, Arthur Beardsley, of Swarth- 

 more, Pa. ; Section E, John C. Branner, of Lit- 

 tle Rock, Ark. ; Section F, Bernhard E. Fer- 

 now, of Washington, D. C. ; Section H, Frank 

 Baker, of Wnshington, D. C.; Section I, Charles 

 S. Hill, of Washington, D. C. Permanent Sec- 

 retary, Frederick W. Putnam, of Cambridge, 

 Mass. ; General Secretary, Julius Poblman, of 

 Buffalo, N. Y. ; Secretary of the Council, C. 

 Leo Mees, of Columbus, Ohio; Treasurer, Will- 

 iam Lilly, of Mauch Chunk, Pa. 



Proceedings. The meeting was called to or- 

 der by the retiring president, Samuel P. Lang- 

 ley, who resigned the chair to John W. Powell, 

 the president-elect. After tl>e usual courtesies 

 from the city and a brief address by the presi- 

 dent, the meeting organized, and the sections 

 took possession of the rooms assigned them. 

 In the afternoon the several vice-presidents de- 

 livered their addresses before their respective 

 sections, and in the evening the retiring presi- 

 dent, Samuel P. Langley, gave his address. 



Sections. In the mathematical section about 

 twenty-one papers were read touching on the 

 problems of astronomy and theory of physical 

 instruments as well as pure mathematics. 

 Ormond Stone's address was " On the Motions 

 of the Solar System." William Harkness gave 

 an account of the instruments and processes 

 employed by the United States Transit of Ve- 

 nus Commission to determine the solar paral- 

 lax from photographs of the transit of Venus 

 in Dec., 1882. Asaph Hall's paper "On the 

 Supposed Canals on the Surface of the Planet 

 Mars " was devoted to the so-called " Canals 



