AUSTRALIA. 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



67 



lative Council, one third of its members being 

 appointees of the Crown. The present Gov- 

 ernor is Sir Frederick Xapier Broome, who 

 has held the post since December, 1882. The 

 revenue in 1886 was 388,564, and the ex- 

 penditure, 394,675. The revenue for 1887 

 was estimated at 404,190 and the expendi- 

 ture at 478,189. 



The population is growing rapidly by immi- 

 gration. The number of inhabitants, exclu- 

 sive of aborigines, was estimated at 39,584 at 

 the end of 1886. There were 2,346 natives in 

 service with colonists in 1881. The number 

 of births in 1885 was 1,466; of deaths, 80fi. 

 During that year 5,615 persons arrived in the 

 colony, and 1,877 departed. On Jan. 1, 1888, 

 there was a population of 142,488 in the colony, 

 according to official statistics. The rate of 

 deaths during the previous year had been 17 '11 

 per 1,000. 



The imports in 1886 were valued at 758,- 

 012 ; the exports at 630,393. The chief ex- 

 ports are wool and lead ore. There -were 202 

 miles of railroad in operation at the end of 

 1886 and 299 miles were building. The tele- 

 graph lines of the colony had a total length of 

 2,405 miles. 



Tasmania. The Constitution was first adopted 

 in 1871, and amended in 1885. The Parlia- 

 ment consists of a Legislative Council of 18 

 members, elected by land-owners and the edu- 

 cated classes, and a House of Assembly of 

 double that number, elected under a property 

 qualification. The Governor is Sir Robert G. 

 C. Hamilton, who was appointed in January, 

 18S7. The Cabinet is composed of the follow- 

 ing ministers: Premier and Chief Secretary, 

 Philip Oakley Fysh ; Treasurer, Bolton Staf- 

 ford Bird; Attorney-General, Andrew Inglis 

 Clark; Minister of Lands and Works, Edward 

 Nicholas Coventry Braddon. 



The area of Tasmania, which was formerly 

 known as Van Diemen's Land, is 2i>.215 square 

 miles, and the estimated population in Decem- 

 ber, 1886, was 137,211. The aborigines are 

 entirely extinct. The number of births in 

 1886 was 4,627; deaths, 1,976; marriages, 

 985. There were 16.399 immigrants and 14,- 

 630 emigrants. On Jan. 1. 1888, the inland 

 contained 142.478 inhabitants. The deaths 

 registered in 1887 were at the rate of 15 45 per 

 1,000. 



The imports in 1886 were valued at l,7nr,.- 

 567 and the exports at 1,331,540. The chief 

 articles of export are tin, wool, preserved and 

 fresh fruits, gold, timber, hides, and bark. 



The railroad mileage in 1886 was 303, while 

 138 miles were in course of construction in 

 1887. There were 1,772 miles of telegraph 

 lines and 2,353 of wire at the end of 1886. 



FUi. British sovereignty was proclaimed on 

 Oct. 10, 1874. The colony is administered as 

 a Crown dependency by a Governor who is 

 nlsoHigb Commissioner for the Western Pacific. 

 The present Governor is Sir John Bates Thurs- 

 ton. Fourteen of the sixteen provinces are ruled 



by native chiefs. The colony consists of a group 

 of islands, of which there are eighty that are in- 

 habited, the largest being Viti Levu. with an 

 area of 4,250 square miles, ;m<l the next largest 

 Vanua Levu, which is 2,fiOO square miles in 

 extent. The island of Rotumah was annexed 

 in December, 1880. The native Fijians are 

 Methodists in religion, except one twelfth who 

 are Roman Catholics. Tin- population of the 

 colony in 1886 was 124,742, and consisted of 

 2,105 Europeans, 832 half-castes ; 6,146 Indian 

 coolies; 3,075 Polynesian indentured laborers; 

 110,037 Fijians, 2,321 natives of Rotnmah, and 

 226 others. Among the Fijians there were 

 3,991 births and 4.908 deaths in 1886, and 

 among Europeans. 77 births and 45 deaths. 



The revenue in 1886 was 64,574 and the 

 expenditure 78,133. The imports amounted 

 to 230,629 and the exports to 283,496. The 

 chief commercial products are sugar, copra, 

 and bananas. The yield of sugar in 1886 was 

 11.716 tons grown on 10,543 acres, while 18,- 

 128 acres are devoted to cocoanuts. 



AISTRIA-HOGARY, a dual monarchy in cen- 

 tral Europe, composed of the empire of Aus- 

 tria, often calied Austria proper, and otherwise 

 known as the Cisleithan Monarchy, and the 

 Kingdom of Hungary, called sometimes the 

 Transleithan Monarchy, as the river Leis di- 

 vides the two territories, and sometimes the 

 dominions of the crown of St. Stephen. Aus- 

 tria is composed of numerous semi-autonomous 

 states, and the provinces of Croatia and Sla- 

 vonia, which form an integral part of the Hun- 

 garian Monarchy, possess in common a separate 

 diet. The two monarchies alike owe allegiance 

 to the House of Hapsburg, the head of which 

 is Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. 

 They have a common army, with separate mi- 

 litia systems for the defense of their own bor- 

 ders, a single navy, and also a common diplo- 

 matic service, and they are united further in a 

 customs union. The common ministry which 

 looks after affairs of imperial concern is re- 

 sponsible to delegation? from the two parlia- 

 ments, which meet annually in separate halls, 

 discussing all questions apart, but voting as one 

 body in case of disagreement. Each delega- 

 tion consists of 60 members, of whom 20 are 

 chosen from the upper and 40 from the lower 

 house of the respective legislatures. 



The reigning monarch is Josef I, born Aug. 

 18, 1830, who was proclaimed Emperor of Aus- 

 tria on Dec. 2. 1848, and crowned King of 

 Hungary on June 8, 1867, after the ancient 

 Constitution was restored. The Crown-Prince 

 is the Archduke Rudolf, born Aug. 21, 1858. 



The Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the 

 whole monarchy has been directed by Count 

 G. Kalnoky de Korospatak since Nov. 21, 

 1881. Lieutenant Field-Marshal Count Bylandt- 

 Rheydt, who had been Minister of War since 

 June 21, 1876, resigned on account of illness 

 in March, 1888, and was succeeded by General 

 Baron Bauer, previously commander of the 

 Vienna corps. The Common Minister of Fi- 



