126 



CAPE COLONY. 



tion to uproot the loyal attachment of the 

 Znlu Caffres to their hereditary kings. The 

 murders and robberies of the English protege 

 first drove Dinizulu and his starving followers 

 to acts of retaliation. Usibepu's people also 

 invaded Swaziland, and killed men and women 

 on the pretence that the Swazis had helped 

 Cetewayo. The revolt of Somkele was due to 

 an unjustifiable attack by Usibepu, who had 

 been admonished to keep quiet by the British 

 authorities. Dinizulu gave himself up in Sep- 

 tember to the Transvaal authorities on a prom- 

 ise that he should not be surrendered to the 

 English, who willingly acquiesced in an ar- 

 rangement that relieved them of the responsi- 

 bility of putting him on trial for his life. Un- 

 dabuko made his escape into Amatongaland, 

 but afterward delivered himself up to tlie civil 

 authorities at Nkojeni. The British Govern- 

 ment announced the intention of maintaining 

 Zululand as a permanent possession. Gen. 

 Smyth, who arrived at Nkojeni on August 1, 

 left Zululand in the beginning of September, 

 leaving an army of occupation consisting of 

 1,500 troops. 



The New Republic. After Cetewayo was al- 

 lowed to return to Zululand, Usibepu made war 

 on him and compelled him to take refuge in 

 the Zulu Reserve, where he died. His people, 

 the Usutus, under Undabuko and Dinizulu, ob- 

 tained the assistance of Transvaal Boers by 

 ceding to them the third part of Zululand, and 

 defeated Usibepu, who in his turn fled into 

 the Reserve. The Boers formed the New Re- 

 public of Western Zululand on the lands that 

 had been sold to them, and acquired others on 

 the sea- shore. The British, in response to an 

 appeal from the Usutus themselves, interfered, 

 and induced the Boers to give up the latter, 

 except such as were actually occupied, and to 

 forego their claim to a protectorate over the 

 whole of Zululand, by conceding their right to 

 the territory of Western Zululand, and formally 

 recognizing the New Republic. In October, 

 1887, a treaty of union was concluded between 

 the South African Republic, formerly called 

 the Transvaal, and the New Republic of West- 

 ern Zululand. The treaty was ratified by the 

 Volksraad of the South African Republic when 

 it met in May, 1888, and also by that of the 

 New Republic in June, subject to the approval 

 of the British Imperial Government, in ac- 

 cordance with the treaty concluded after the 

 Transvaal war, which placed the foreign rela- 

 tions of the republic under the suzerain con- 

 trol of Great Britain. Gen. Joubert and another 

 commissioner were sent from Pretoria to take 

 over the government of the New Republic, 

 and when the reorganization was effected 

 Lucas Meyer, the former President, was left at 

 the head of the administration, with the title 

 of Border Commissioner. 



Boer invasion of Rhama's Territory. The terri- 

 tory lying between the Macloutsie and Shashi 

 rivers has for some time been the subject of 

 dispute between Khama, the chief of the Ba- 



mangwatos, and Lobengula, king of Matabele- 

 land. The Transvaal Boers, in order to fore- 

 stall the English, who, having ousted the Dutch 

 from Bechuanaland, apportioned the best farm- 

 ing-lands among immigrants of British birth, 

 made a ferry across the Crocodile river, just 

 below the mouth of the Macloutsie, with the 

 object of taking possession of the disputed 

 tract under grants that had been issued to Boer 

 citizens some time before. A Transvaal Boer 

 named Grobelaar, in July, 1888, went with an 

 escort as special envoy of the Transvaal Gov- 

 ernment to Lobengula. When the Boers were 

 returning through the debatable ground, in or- 

 der to cross by the ferry, Chief Khama forbade 

 them the right of passage, and when Khama 

 sent some men to stop them, the Boers took 

 away their guns. A stronger party was sent 

 to retake them, and this was fired upon, but 

 Khnma's people returned the fire, and charged 

 on the Boers, who fled after two of them had 

 been killed and the commander and another 

 wounded. The scene of the fight was on land 

 that has been in dispute between Khama and 

 Lobengula, and lies just within the British pro- 

 tectorate. The High Commissioner asked for 

 explanations from the Transvaal Government, 

 which had nominated Grobelaar an envoy to 

 Lobengula. Khama collected a force of 3,000 

 men armed with rifles, besides 300 horsemen 

 with Martini-Henry breech-loaders, and was 

 joined by a band of British border police. A 

 force of Transvaal Boers was encamped on the 

 opposite bank of Crocodile river, in readiness 

 for action, while the matter was being investi- 

 gated by commissioners of the British and the 

 Transvaal Governments. Gen. P. J. Joubert 

 and H. Pretorius were the representatives sent 

 from the Transvaal to co-operate with Sir Sidney 

 Shepard, the administrator of Bechuanaland, in 

 an inquiry into the facts. The incident led to the 

 important intimation being made by Sir Hercu- 

 les Robinson, under instructions from the Brit- 

 ish Government, to the President of the South 

 African Republic, that the llatabele, Mashona, 

 and Makalaka territories, and the northern part 

 of Khama's territory, as far as the Zambezi, 

 are solely within the sphere of British influence. 

 Lobengula, the Matabele king, concluded a 

 treaty with England in April, by which he 

 bound himself to refrain from entering into any 

 correspondence or treaty with any foreign 

 state or power to sell or cede any portion of 

 his dominions, including the tributary territo- 

 ries of Mashona, Maka, and Malaka, without 

 the previous consent of the British High Com- 

 missioner. The Transvaal Republic was cut 

 off by this treaty from any extension north- 

 ward, except with the sanction of the British. 

 The Boer Government therefore sent Com- 

 mander Grobelaar to Lobengula to remind 

 him of a previous treaty that he had made with 

 the Transvaal, but the chief of Matabeleland 

 refused to discuss the subject. Grobelaar died 

 of his wounds two weeks after the affray with 

 Khama's men. Another fight took place be- 



