160 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (CALGABY, CANTOX, CHATTANOOGA.) 



covers 57 acres. The surrounding farms are of 

 rich, black soil, needing no fertilizing. 



Calgary, an incorporated city of 2,500 inhab- 

 itants, in the province of Alberta, Canada. It 

 is near the confluence of the Bow and Elbow 

 rivers, within sight of the Rocky Mountains, 

 and just outside of their eastern foot-hills. It 

 is nearly north of Fort Benton, Montana, dis- 

 tant from that point about 200 miles, and has 

 an altitude of 3,388 feet above the sea. This 

 is the point where the Canadian Pacific Rail- 

 way enters the Rocky Mountains, and it is the 

 center of a vast cattle and sheep grazing re- 

 gion, of which Calgary is the supplying point 

 and headquarters. The city is well built, the 

 excellent stone of the neighborhood being 

 largely employed in its structures. Several 

 handsome churches and commodious school- 

 houses have been erected, and the appearance 

 of the town is far in advance of what would 

 be expected of its recent origin and rapid 

 growth. A public water-system, good drain- 

 age, electric street-lighting, police and fire de- 

 partments, and other modern appurtenances of 

 city organization, testify to its alertness. The 

 banks are especially noteworthy for their 

 strength and business facilities. This is one 

 of the headquarters of the mounted police, and 

 a center of Indian trading ; there are also Do- 

 minion and railway land-agencies here. A 

 railway is about to be built north and south 

 from Calgary, to connect it with the coal 

 region of Lethbridge, the ranching country 

 around Edmonton, and other districts now 

 reached by stages. The surrounding region is 

 rapidly undergoing development, by means of 

 irrigation, in grazing and farming industries, 

 while new mines are constantly opening in the 

 mountains. All this is of advantage to Cal- 

 gary, which has the same situation relative to 

 the mountain border of Canada that Denver 

 has in relation to Colorado. 



Canton, Stark County, Ohio, 60 miles from 

 Cleveland. The population in 18TO was 8,660 ; 

 in 1880, 12,258; in 1888, estimated at 30,000. 

 Manufactures are the prominent interest, and 

 include : Mowers and reapers, thrashing-ma- 

 chines, farm implements, safes, hay-racks, hay- 

 tedders, sulky and hand plows, reaper-knives 

 and sections, steel cutlery, saddlery, hardware, 

 feed-cutters, horse-powers, mining and milling 

 machinery, street-lamps, glass, iron bridges, 

 springs, saws, iron roofing, hay-carriers, cast- 

 ings, stoves, steam-boilers and engines, stone- 

 ware, brick, flour, carriages, wooden articles, 

 printing-presses, drilling-machines, tin and 

 wooden pumps, doors, blinds and sash, feed- 

 mills, flouring machinery, bells, lawn-rakes, 

 post -hole diggers, house furniture, carpets, 

 glass oil-tanks, hay-forks, bee-hives, paper 

 boxes, faucets, surgical chairs, toilet and laun- 

 dry soaps, brooms, woolen goods and yarns, 

 blank-books, baking-powder, mattresses, ex- 

 tension ladders, hardware, novelties, files, re- 

 volving book and dry-goods cases, roasted 

 coffees, watches, watch-cases, and railway sig- 



nals. The capital invested is $10,000,000, and 

 the yearly products amount to $13,000,000. 

 Six thousand workingmen are employed. The 

 machinery manufactured is shipped to Europe, 

 North and South America, Australia, and else- 

 where. The Buckeye Works capital, $1,500,- 

 000 employ 900 hands, and have a capacity of 

 15,000 harvesting-machines and 2,000 thrash- 

 ers. Four mills consume daily 2,500 bushels 

 of wheat. The county is, save one, the largest 

 producer of wheat in the State, averaging 

 yearly 1,286,410 bushels. Coal-fields underlie 

 it. Forty large mines are worked, with a 

 daily output of 6,000 tons, some of which are 

 within a mile of the city. Two hundred others 

 are operated by farmers. Cheap fuel and free 

 sites for factories induce location. Clay for 

 pottery, sewer-pipes, and brick abounds, with 

 building and limestone and black-band ore. 

 There are 5 railroads, with unlimited connec- 

 tions. Canton is lighted by gas, electricity, 

 and gasoline. There are 3 daily newspapers 

 (one in German), 6 banks (of which two are 

 National), a street - railroad system, and a 

 dummy-line of two miles, water-works of the 

 Holly system, owned by the city, so that no 

 tax is paid for water, and a drainage system of 

 storm- water sewerage. There are 17 churches, 

 a central high-school costing $99,600, 7 ward 

 and 4 relief public-school buildings, and 2 

 parochial schools, 1 opera-house, 6 modern 

 hotels, a public library, 2 talernacles, public 

 halls, a paid fire department, with electric- 

 alarm system, telegraph facilities, and tele- 

 phone communication to a distance of 75 miles. 

 It has a free mail-delivery. The summer-re- 

 sorts are numerous. There is a new post-office 

 building and an Odd Fellows Hall. A United 

 States Signal Sarvice station is located here. 



Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tenn., at the 

 foot of Lookout mountain, on Tennessee river, 

 six miles from the southern boundary of the 

 State. Chattanooga was founded in 1836, and 

 first known as Ross's Landing, from the name 

 of the Cherokee chief. It was incorporated in 

 1852. The population in 1860 was 2,545; in 

 1870, 6,091 ; in 1880, 12,879 ; in 1887. 36,903; 

 and in 1888 it is estimated at 50,000. ' During 

 the civil war it was an important strategic 

 point, and a famous battle was fought near it. 

 Thirteen thousand National soldiers are buried 

 in the cemetery. Chattanooga is on the great 

 natural highway through the mountains, and 

 was the focus of interstate wagon-roads in 

 days gone by. It is 195 miles above Mussel 

 Shoals, and on the completion of engineering 

 works at that point, will possess valuable fa- 

 cilities for river transportation. It is only 

 thirty-four miles farther from the Gulf by 

 water than Cincinnati. The iron industry has 

 progressed for twelve years. Four furnaces 

 are in blast within the city limits, and it is the 

 financial distributing-point for a dozen more in 

 the district. The coal-mining plants, from 

 which the supplies of fuel are drawn, number 

 twenty-two, with a total output in 1886 of 



