CITIES, AMERICAN". (DURHAM, EAU CLAIRE, ELY.) 



The schools are private. Industries completed 

 or begun include a 7' '-ton charcoal iron-fur- 

 nace, costing $100,000; a charcoal company's 

 plant of $120,000; a bridge and construction 

 company, $100,000; oak extract works, $60,- 

 000; a horseshoe-nail factory, $100,000; boiler 

 and engine works, $100,000 ; a $1,000,000 plant 

 of the United States Rolling Stock Company ; 

 car-construction and repair-shops, $300,000 ; 

 a car- wheel foundry, $60.000 ; an ice factory, 

 $10,000; a cotton-compress. $75,000; a furni- 

 ture, sash, door, and blind factory, 6 brick- 

 yards, large lumber-yards and mills, and an 

 artificial stone company. The daily output 

 of 3 band saws is 60,00*0 feet of lumber, and 

 of 1 circular saw, 15,000, while 2,500,000 

 shingles are handled yearly by the latter com- 

 pany. A steamboat is owned and operated in 

 the business. An opera-house and business 

 blocks are building. Two thousand residences 

 and cottages have been erected. The u Tav- 

 ern'' cost $140,000. 



Dnrham, "Wake County, North Carolina, 25 

 miles from Raleigh, on the North Carolina Rail- 

 road; population, nearly 8,000. It owes its 

 prosperity to a single world-famed industry. 

 Prior to the civil war, tobacco was manufact- 

 ured in one small factory, which fell into the 

 hands of the National army, pending negotia- 

 tions for surrender by Gen. Johnston, in 1865. 

 Orders received for the product of this estab- 

 lishment, after the disbandment of the armies, 

 gave an impetus of growth to the town, which 

 now has business connections all over the world. 

 The largest granulated smoking-tobacco factory 

 in the world, with a capacity of 10,000,000 

 pounds yearly, is here. It has a larger pay- 

 roll than any other manufacturing establish- 

 ment in the State. Cigarettes are the specialty 

 of another company, and 254,133,333 were 

 shipped during 1886. The increase for the 

 month of July over the same month for the 

 year previous was 20,895,140. There are more 

 than a dozen factories of tobacco and snuff. 

 The tobacco-boxes are made here. A cotton- 

 mill, of 8,568 spindles and 200 looms, produces 

 9,000 yards of cloth a day, the bulk of which 

 is made into tobacco-bags. There is also a 

 bobbin and shuttle mill, with a capacity of 

 90,000 pieces a week, for cotton, woolen, silk, 

 jute, flax, and woolen mills. A tobacco-cure 

 company makes three forms of medicaments, 

 and a fertilizer company uses tobacco-dust as 

 a basis. The sales of tobacco in a year from 

 a single warehouse amounted to *8,330,000 

 pounds. The amount paid for stamps on to- 

 bacco, from the figures of the Internal-Revenue 

 Office, in six years and nine months, was $37,- 

 878,212.83. The streets are paved with stone, 

 there are electric lights and water- works, eleven 

 churches, two newspapers, and a graded-school 

 building erected at a cost of $6,500, which 

 accommodates 500 pupils. There are also two 

 female seminaries. 



Eau Claire, a city, county- seat of Eau Claire 

 County, Wis., at the confluence of Chippewa 



and Eau Claire rivers. It is 321 miles northwest 

 of Chicago, and 84 miles east of St. Paul. The 

 population in 1880 was 10,118, according to the 

 United States census; in 1885 it was 21,668, 

 according to the State census ; and it is now 

 estimated at 25,000. The Chicago, St. Paul, 

 Minneapolis and Omaha Railroad, the Chicago. 

 Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, and the \\ i-- 

 consin Central Line, with branches extending 

 in various directions, including those of the 

 pine, hard wood, and mineral regions of the 

 north. The chief water-power is supplied by 

 the dam across Chippewa river, giving eighteen 

 feet head, while the dam on Eau Claire river 

 supplies the linen and other mills. These riv- 

 ers, spanned by ten bridges, are thickly lined 

 with manufacturing establishments, including 

 a dozen large saw-mills, a sash-and-door fac- 

 tory, a linen-mill, a furniture factory, a refrig- 

 erator factory, two foundries, and a factory of 

 electrical machinery and appliances. The fol- 

 lowing statement exhibits the principal statis- 

 tics for 1888 : Assessed value of property, 

 $5,404,487.89; bonded debt, $195,000 ; school 

 census, 4,401 ; men employed in saw-mills, 

 etc., 1,572 ; amount of lumber sawed, 182,000,- 

 000 feet; lath sawed, 62,000,000; shingles 

 sawed, 82,000,000; paper made, 2,621,000 

 pounds; value of lumber, lath, and shingles, 

 $2,541,000; value of sash, doors, and blinds 

 made, $333,000 ; value of paper and pulp 

 made, $140,000. Eau Claire is one of the 

 largest lumber manufacturing cities in the 

 United States. It manufactures annually 300,- 

 000,000 feet of lumber. It has 25 miles of 

 water-mains with 320 hydrants, 2 electric- 

 light companies with circuits 41 miles long, 

 an electric fire-alarm system, 4^ miles of street- 

 railway, 3 public parks, a sewage system, 

 paved streets, an opera-house built at a cost of 

 $60.000, with a seating capacity of 1,200, 

 beautiful residences and churches, 2 daily news- 

 papers, a female academy, a free public li- 

 brary, a fine race-track, and an agricultural 

 exposition building. It has telephonic con- 

 nections with all the neighboring towns. A 

 noted characteristic of this climate is its pure, 

 dry atmosphere, which is favorable to those 

 afflicted with pulmonary troubles. The Chip- 

 pewa is one of the largest rivers in the State, 

 and its great valley, with its numerous streams, 

 proffers an accessible supply of timber, con- 

 sisting of maple, oak, birch, elm, hemlock, and 

 bass-wood. For the encouragement of new 

 manufacturing enterprises, a bonus of $100 is 

 offered for each operative who shall be regu- 

 larly and steadily employed in any legitimate 

 manufacturing enterprise. This policy, during 

 this the first year of the experiment, has se- 

 cured the establishment of four large enter- 

 prises in Eau Claire. 



Ely, a town in northern Minnesota, organized 

 in 1886 by the Ely Mining Company, popula- 

 tion about 1,000. It contains the Chandler 

 iron mine, which is in process of development 

 to a width of 130 feet, length 1,000 feet, with 



