164 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (FoET WAYNE, GLENWOOD SPRINGS.) 



from one to eight feet of stripping. Over 300 

 men are employed, and 1,000 tons of ore are 

 shipped daily on 50 cars each of 20 tons ca- 

 pacity. The ore, a hard hematite, assays 68 

 per cent, metallic iron, and is low in phospho- 

 rus. It has a saw-mill producing 30,000 feet 

 of lumber daily, principally used in the con- 

 struction of the Chandler and other mines. 

 The first ore train entered this town Ang. 15, 

 1888, and through trains between this point 

 and Duluth, Minn., were put on the Duluth 

 and Iron Eange Railroad Aug. 21, 1888. 



Fort Wayne, the county-seat of Allen County, 

 Ind., on St. Mary's river, in the northeastern 

 part of the State. It originated in a fort built 

 in 1794 by Gen. Anthony "Wayne. The in- 

 habitants in 1828 numbered 500; in 1840, 

 1,200; in I860, 10,319; in 1880, 25,760; in 

 1888, estimated at 40,000. The first city 

 charter was granted in 1839. On July 4, 1843, 

 the Wabash and Erie Caual was opened. Nine 

 railway lines pass through the city. Improved 

 farms and forests of hard-wood timber sur- 

 round the city. Within thirty-five miles are 

 23 stave and bolt factories; the annual out- 

 put of each is from 500,000 to 13,000,000 

 staves and headings. There are 4 banks, 

 5 daily newspapers, 10 miles of street-rail- 

 way, a public and a Catholic library, Young 

 Men's Christian Association reading-rooms, 

 and churches of all denominations. There are 

 fine Catholic church, school, and hospital 

 buildings. Their library cost $05,000, exclu- 

 sive of books, and contains 5,000 volumes. The 

 First Presbyterian, recently erected, cost $90,- 

 000. There are 12 public-school buildings. 

 The system was established in 1853, and re- 

 organized in 1873. The attendance is 3,500 

 pupils. There are several institutions for 

 higher education, notably Methodist and 

 Lutheran. There are forty miles of water- 

 main, supplying water for domestic purposes 

 and fire protection. Forty-two thousand dol- 

 lars were expended in improvements of sewer- 

 age during 1887, and $77,000 on streets and 

 side-walks. There are two opera-houses, a 

 Masonic Temple, and an academy of music. The 

 new Government building, a handsome struct- 

 ure, cost $200,000. The city is lighted by 

 electricity. The manufacturing industries in- 

 clude the shops of the Pennsylvania Railway 

 Company, the White wheel-works, employing 

 130 hands, with monthly wages of $4,000 ; a 

 walnut-lumber firm employing 200 men and 

 manufacturing 6,000,000 feet of walnut alone 

 yearly; a company manufacturing gas- work 

 machinery and apparatus, a brass-foundry, two 

 large breweries, wagon and pulley works, 

 handle-factories, grain-elevator, woodworking 

 and mill machinery, iron-works, lumber yards 

 and mills, and coffee, spice, baking-powder, 

 and flouring mills. 



Glenwood Springs, an incorporated town in 

 Garfield County, Col., at the western base 

 of the main range of the Rocky Mountains, 

 where the Roaring Fork enters Grand river. 



Its growth, previous to getting railroad con- 

 nection with Denver, was very slow, but since 

 the autumn of 1887 the population has increased 

 to 3,000. This is due to the advantageous 

 situation of the town as the supplying-point of 

 the Grand River valley ; and to the presence 

 there of remarkable thermal springs, in the 

 utilization of which a large capital is being in- 

 vested. The advantage of situation consists in 

 its being at the convergence of three main 

 valleys along which will naturally flow the 

 products of mines and ranches, and currents of 

 travel. Two railways, the Colorado Midland 

 and the Grand River branch of the Denver and 

 Rio Grande, now terminate at Glenwood, but 

 both are to be extended westerly The Bur- 

 lington and other routes have been surveyed 

 through this point, which thus bids fair to be- 

 come a railway center, and consequently a 

 point of commercial supremacy. This part of 

 the State abounds in coal, both anthracitic and 

 bituminous. The former is of excellent quality, 

 and from the latter superior coke is made. 

 About 15,000 acres of coal-lands were taken 

 up in this district previous to 1887. for which 

 the Government was paid nearly $204,000. 

 Many mines and coking-ovens have already 

 been opened by corporations, and preparations 

 are making for others. Much of this product 

 is directly tributary to Glenwood. Immense 

 bodies of hematite and magnetic iron ore occur 

 in the mountains, at places easily accessible; 

 while lime, fire-clay, and other furnace ingre- 

 dients abound. Hence it is expected that 

 smelting-f urnaces and iron-mills will be erected 

 'at Glenwood within a short time, to which 

 could be most cheaply brought (as it is all 

 down grade) the silver and lead ores mined in 

 the high ranges eastward and southward, while 

 branch railroads about to be constructed will 

 add to the list of mines tributary to this pew 

 town. There is little room for agriculture in 

 the immediate vicinity, but farther down Grand 

 river lies an extensive ranching and cattle- 

 grazing district, which will sell and buy from 

 this market the moment that railway connec- 

 tion is established. The thermal springs here 

 are of remarkable size and power. They gush 

 out in many places along Grand river, just 

 below the picturesque canon at the mouth of 

 which the town is built. The principal one is 

 in the edge of the city, and has a basin sixty 

 feet in diameter. The overflow of this is con- 

 ducted into an oval pool, floored and walled in 

 with concrete and masonry, which is nine 

 hundred and sixty feet in length. Beside this 

 great pool elaborate bath-houses, parlors, 

 amusement-rooms, etc., have been built, in 

 which all modern appliances are employed, and 

 in connection with which a large hotel and 

 sanitarium are in process of erection. These 

 buildings are steam-heated, lighted by electric- 

 ity, and surrounded by ornamental grounds. 

 The temperature of the waters at their exit is 

 126Fahr. ; and some springs arise inside small 

 caves which are filled with steam, forming 



