CITIES, AMERICAN. (RALEIGH, SANTA Ffi.) 



171 



now grace this town are remarkable a fact 

 partly due to the stores of excellent brick-clay 

 and architectural stone in the immediate 

 neighborhood. These include a new Federal 

 building, a new city hall, and a new county 

 court-house, all of noble and costly propor- 

 tions. The State of Illinois has just completed 

 here the erection and installment of a soldiers' 

 home, which occupies spacious ornamental 

 grounds on the edge of the city, and shelters 

 nearly six hundred veterans of the civil war. 

 This home is arranged upon the cottage-plan, 

 squads of forty-five or fifty dwelling in de- 

 tached houses, but all assembling for meals, 

 for amusement, for public entertainments, Sun- 

 day worship, etc., in the large central building. 

 The buildings all differ in materials and de- 

 sign, so that the architectural effect is varied 

 and pleasing. There are a hospital, dairy, rail- 

 way station, etc. This was the first of the 

 State institutions of this kind ; but Iowa, 

 Michigan, and some other States have followed 

 the example. The latest new public building 

 is the handsome public library. This faces 

 the city park, has a frontage of 100 feet and 

 capacity for 100,000 volumes. It was built 

 by popular subscription, and is well supported. 

 Besides the book-shelves, the building con- 

 tains reading-rooms, study-rooms, etc. Quincy 

 takes great interest in intellectual and literary 

 matters, and supports many reading-circles 

 and literary and self-improvement societies. 



Raltlgh, the capital of North Carolina, in 

 Wake County, near the center of the State. 

 The population in 1870 was 7,900; in 1880, 

 9,21)5; in 1887, 14,000. It is lighted by elec- 

 tricity, has a street-railway, and has contract- 

 ed for water-works and an improved sewerage 

 system. The mechanical industries are car- 

 shops, with capacity of ten cars a day, two 

 clothing-factories, a cotton-seed-oil mill, a manu- 

 facturing company to make shuttle-blocks for 

 cotton-mills and grind phosphates, an ice-fac- 

 tory, an iron-foundry, and a shoe-factory, with 

 minor establishments. A good business is done 

 in cotton; from 50,000 to 75,000 bales are 

 handled yearly. Here is a white marble post- 

 office, which cost $355,000, and a new brick 

 school-house, which accommodates 700 pupils. 

 The Capitol building, a massive, domed struct- 

 ure of gray granite, is at the junction of four 

 avenues. The State Penitentiary, costing up- 

 ward of $1,000,000, for which $75,000 was ap- 

 propriated yearly for ten years by the Legislat- 

 ure, is a model institution. It contains within 

 stone walls the low log structure first used for 

 penal purposes by the State. One of the State 

 insane asylums, of which there are three (two 

 colored and one white), is on the outskirts; 

 and institutions for the deaf, dumb, and blind 

 are located in or near the city. A fine geologi- 

 cal museum is in the Agricultural Department. 

 The attendance on the public schools reaches 

 2,000 pupils. In addition, there are a Baptist 

 and an Episcopal school for girls, a boys' acad- 

 emy, and other private schools. Wake Forest, 



a Baptist College, and the University of North 

 Carolina, at Chapel Hill, are distant a few miles. 

 There are a university, a normal, and a medi- 

 cal school for colored students. The first and 

 last of these are supported by philanthropic 

 donations, and conducted by the Baptist Home 

 Missionary Society. Together they occupy >i\ 

 buildings, on a campus of twelve acres, and 

 have 450 students. The departments are in- 

 dustrial, normal, academic, theological, and le- 

 gal. Shade-trees of elm, oak, and magnolia and 

 flowering gardens for nine months in the year, 

 are a feature of the city. 



Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico Terri- 

 tory, 20 miles from Rio Grande river, in a 

 basin surrounded by mountains, 7,300 feet 

 above the sea. The population in 1850 was 

 4,846 ; in 1888 it was estimated at 7,000. Sev- 

 enty per cent, are Mexicans. The climate is 

 delightful. The temperature is remarkably 

 even. A sanitarium, with capacity of 640,000 

 cubic feet, for Eastern invalids, has been es- 

 tablished, the only one within the Territory. 

 There is also a hospital for Territorial patients, 

 with air-space capacity of 288,000 cubic feet. 

 The city is very old. In 1541 it was in exist- 

 ence as a "pueblo" of the Indians, and con- 

 tained 15,000 souls. It became the capital of 

 the Territory after occupation by the Span- 

 iards, the present executive mansion having 

 been erected at this time and known as the 

 " Adobe Palace." It is one story high, with 

 walls five feet thick. It is the only town in 

 New Mexico with competitive railroad lines. 

 Two roads are completed, and seven others 

 projected to pass through, or with the city as 

 objective point. Ten million pounds of wool 

 are shipped yearly. A peculiar herb, " au- 

 role," adapted for washing wool, which im- 

 parts a fine, soft gloss, abounds. Agricultural 

 land surrounds the town, of which a large part 

 is owned by the Government, and is subject to 

 entry. There is a land-office. The rain-fall 

 in 1881 was 21 inches, and it has since in- 

 creased steadily. The county has produced 

 more from mines than perhaps the whole Ter- 

 ritory outside. The gold in placers of the Ortiz 

 grant alone, of 60,000 acres, is estimated at 

 from $100,000,000 to $150,000,000. The mine 

 was once worked by 10,000 Spaniards. On 

 expulsion of the latter in 1680, all mines were 

 filled up by the natives, and churches and min- 

 ing archives destroyed. Their return was per- 

 mitted in 1705, under promise to discontinue 

 mining forever. Copper, silver, lead, and zinc 

 are also found. There are 20,000 acres of cok- 

 ing, bituminous coal, and 8,000 acres of anthra- 

 cite. Nearly every religious sect is repre- 

 sented in Santa Fe. The cathedral, when 

 completed, will cost $400,000. The first Prot- 

 estant church was built in 1855. The oldest 

 church in the United States that of San Mi- 

 guel founded in 1550, was rebuilt in 1710. It 

 is of adobe. The total value of public build- 

 ings is $1,250,000. There are three public 

 schools, the University of Mexico (with an lu- 



