EMIN PASHA. 



295 



late King of Uganda, whereas his son and suc- 

 >r, Myanga, was avowedly hostile. This 

 war between the two powerful neighboring 

 kingdoms in the south interrupted Emin's com- 

 munications with Zanzibar, and cut off the 

 shortest route by which a relief expedition 

 could reach him from the Congo. When it 

 seemed certain that Stanley's purpose of suc- 

 coring Ernin Pasha had miscarried, Major 

 Barttelot, his lieutenant, who had remained 

 in charge of the supplies in camp at Yambu- 

 ga, on the Aruwimi, in May, 1888, set out in 

 search of his chief at the head of 100 Soudan- 

 ese soldiers that were left by Stanley, and 640 

 Zanzibar! and Manyema bearers that Tippoo 

 Tib raised for him. The latter proved unruly, 

 and Barttelot employed harsh means to reduce 

 them to obedience, but before he had gone far 

 the Manyema bearers mutinied against his se- 

 vere punishments, and assassinated the leader. 

 The second in command, J. S. Jameson, re- 

 turned to organize another expedition, but was 

 stricken with a fatal fever. After the failure 

 of these expeditions, Dr. Carl Peters and other 

 persons interested in German colonial enter- 

 prises in East Africa obtained subscriptions of 

 1.000,000 marks for an expedition to rescue 

 Emin Pasha, who is a German by birth, and 

 was known as Dr. Schnitzer before he received 

 his title in the Egyptian service, under the 

 conduct of Dr. Peters, Lieut. Wissmann, and 

 Herr Junker. The object of the enterprise 

 was more plainly political than was that of 

 the disastrous English expeditions. The route 

 chosen runs for 1,500 kilometres, or more than 

 three quarters of the distance, through terri- 

 tory over which Germany claims jurisdiction. 

 From Mutansige, where the German j> 

 sions end, to Wadelai, the distance in a straight 

 line is only 400 kilometres. The plan was to 

 establish permanent stations along the route. 

 The expedition was delayed by the troubles 

 that occurred in the German possessions (see 

 ZANZIBAR). 



* EMIX P1SHA. The close of the year 1888 

 leaves the fate of Emin Pasha and of his res- 

 cuer, Henry M. Stanley, involved in mystery, 

 while during its course but few. and for the 

 most part unauthentic, tidings have been re- 

 ceived from either. That the expedition was 

 successful in arriving at its point of destination 

 is proved by the official report received on De- 

 cember 23, from the Congo Free State, of the re- 

 turn of Stanley to Aruwimi river, in company 

 with Emin, in August of the present year: but 

 when the meeting took place, and whether the 

 presence of one or both on the Congo in that 

 month conflicts with the assertion of Osman 

 Digma at Suakin, December 14, that Emin Pasha 

 with a white traveler, who had been sent to his 

 rescue, surrendered to the troops of the Khalifa 

 on October 11, is matter of conjecture. The 

 strongest proof of the latter story is the accom- 

 panying copy of a letter, recognized by Gen. 

 Grenfell as the one written by himself for the 

 Khedive of Egypt, which was forwarded to 



Emin by Stanley; but whether the letter was 

 taken from Emin himself or from Stanley, or 

 was captured from some runner, it is impossible 

 to determine. 



Stanley (see " Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1887, 

 page 250) left Bolombo, May 11, 1887. It is 

 known that he encountered great hardship.- in 

 arriving at this point, 892 miles from the At- 

 lantic. Scarcity of provisions, difficulties of 

 obtaining transportation, and obstructions on 

 the route, rendered it, in his own won: 

 period of great anxiety ; and whether we shall 

 be able to tide over, without breach of order, 

 I know not." After he passed Bolombo the 

 conditions improved, the natives were more 

 friendly, and sufficient rations were obtained. 

 On June 18 the mouth of the Aruwimi river 

 was reached, and a camp established, which 

 Stanley left on the 23d with an advance-guard, 

 and instructions that the porters promised by 

 Tippoo Tib should follow with stores. A note 

 was received from him, July 2, which is thus 

 far the last direct communication, and all 

 knowledge of his movements and whereabouts 

 has since been derived from rumor alone. Ex- 

 plorers have been almost unanimous in opinion 

 as to his safety. Stories have been afloat of a 

 mysterious white pasha carrying all before 

 him in the Bahrel Ghazel district, supposed to 

 be Stanley, or, perhaps, Emin ; and Arabs ar- 

 riving at Kinshassa at one time said that Stanley 

 had been wounded in a fight with natives, and 

 that half of his escort had deserted. The first 

 intelligence of import was received from cou- 

 riers from Tabora, reaching Zanzibar on Nov. 1, 

 1888. Their tidings were a year old, but they 

 reported that at the close of November, 1887, 

 detachments of Arabs trading from Tabora in 

 the regions between Lakes Albert Nyanza and 

 Muta Nzige encountered the rear-guard of 

 Stanley's expedition at a point west of the Al- 

 bert Nyanza, and southeast of Sanga. Stanley 

 himself was not seen, being two days in ad- 

 vance, but tales of hardships endured on the 

 way were told by this party of thirty. There 

 had been fighting with the natives for provis- 

 ions, one of the white men of the party had 

 died, forty had been drowned in crossing a 

 great river, and Stanley with others had been 

 ill with fever. This had delayed the march, 

 already slow, three weeks. The total force, 

 deducting all losses, was estimated by the 

 Arabs at 250, but they were believed to be 

 able to accomplish the journey. The north- 

 easterly direction of the line of march had been 

 abandoned to avoid the swamps, and Stanley 

 was then proceeding north, intending to strike 

 afterward to the east toward Wadelai. distant, 

 it was estimated, a journey of forty or fifty days. 

 The reports of combats with the natives are 

 substantiated by accounts from reconnoitring 

 parties from the Aruwimi camp, who p 

 quantities of bones, supposed to be those of 

 victims fallen in battles between the expedition 

 and native tribes, and also by dispatches from 

 Emin, dated at the beginning of 1888. Emin 



