412 



HAWAII. 



the fullest exercise of the elective franchise. 

 Shall we not insist that what is true of those 

 who fought to destroy the country shall be 

 true of every man who fought for it, or loved 

 it, as the black man of the South did ; that to 

 belong to Abraham Lincoln's party shall be 

 respectable and reputable everywhere in Amer- 

 ica? " In a speech delivered in Indianapolis, in 

 June, 1884, he said: " I would nut dispose of 

 an acre of the public land otherwise than under 

 the homestead laws." Referring to "trusts," 

 he said : " We must find some way to stop 

 such combinations." 



In the Republican National Convention held 

 in Chicago in June, 1888, on the first ballot 

 fourteen candidates were voted for. John 

 Sherman received the highest number of votes, 

 2-25; Walter Q. Gresham, 111; Chauncey M. 

 Depew, 99; Rus^el A. Alger, 84; Benjamin 

 Harrison, 83. On the eighth ballot, Sherman 

 received 118 ; Alger, 100 ; Harrison, 544. Gen. 

 Harrison accordingly became the party's can- 

 didate for President, and at the election in 

 November he was elected, carrying every 

 Northern State except New Jersey and Con- 

 necticut, and receiving 233 electoral votes, to 

 168 for Mr. Cleveland (see UNITED STATES). 



President Harrison was inaugurated on Mon- 

 day, March 4, 1889, in the midst of a rain- 

 storm, delivering a long inaugural address, and 

 the next day sent to the Senate the following 

 nominations for Cabinet officers: Secretary of 

 State, James G. Blaine, of Maine; Secretary 

 of the Treasury, William Windom, of Minne- 

 sota; Secretary of War, Redfield Proctor, of 

 Vermont ; Sepretary of the Navy, Benjamin F. 

 Tracy, of New York; Attorney-General, Will- 

 iam H. H. Miller, of Indiana; Postmaster-Gen- 

 eral, John Wanamaker, of Pennsylvania; Sec- 

 retary of the Interior, John W. Noble, of Mis- 

 souri ; Secretary of Agriculture, Jeremiah M. 

 Rusk, of Wisconsin. The Senate went into 

 executive session, and within ten minutes con- 

 firmed all the nominations. 



(See " Life of Benjamin Harrison," by Lew 

 Wallace, Philadelphia, 1888.) 



HAWAII, a constitutional kingdom occupying 

 the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, in the Pa- 

 cific Ocean. The reigning sovereign is Kala- 

 kaua I, born Nov. 16, 1836, who was elected 

 by the people in 1874. The heiress presump- 

 tive to the throne is the King's eldest sister, 

 Princess Lyrlia Kamaheha Liliuokalani, born 

 Sept. 2, 1838, whose husband, John O. Domi- 

 nis, is Governor of Oahu and Maui. The Leg- 

 islature consists of 24 Representatives and 24 

 Nobles, who sit together. A new Constitu- 

 tion was proclaimed on July 6, 1887. The 

 nobles, who were formerly nominated by the 

 King, were made elective. The electoral body 

 consists of all the adult male citizens. The 

 nobles, in addition to the educational qualifi- 

 cations required in the representatives, must 

 possess a certain amount of property. Their 

 term is six years, while the representatives are 

 elected for two years. The Legislative Assem- 



bly has power to amend the Constitution. The 

 absolute veto formerly exercised by the King 

 was changed into a conditional veto, which 

 can be annulled by a two-third vote of the 

 Assembly, by the Constitution of 1887, which 

 also established the principle of ministerial re- 

 sponsibility. The present Cabinet is composed 

 of the following members : Minister of Foreign 

 Affairs, J. Auskin; Minister of the Interior, L. 

 A. Thurston ; Attorney-General, 0. W. Ash- 

 ford ; Minister of Finance, W. L. Green. 



Area and Population. The area of the king- 

 dom and the population of the inhabited islands 

 on Dec. 27, 1884, when the last census was 

 taken, were as follow : 



Honolulu, the capital, on the island of Oahu, 

 had 20,487 inhabitants. In 1884 the natives 

 numbered 40,014, a decrease of 4,084 since 

 1878. The foreign population is rapidly in- 

 creasing, and the soil has passed in a large 

 measure into the hands of Americans and other 

 foreigners, who cultivate sugar-cane, with im- 

 ported labor, Portuguese, Chinese, and latterly 

 Japanese. The number of arrivals in 1886 was 

 3,725 ; departures, 2,189. Of the arrivals, 1,766 

 came from China and 929 from Japan. 



Commerce. The totals for the foreign com- 

 merce of the past three years are given in the 

 subjoined table : 



In 1862 the total imports were only $998,- 

 000 in value ; the exports of domestic produce, 

 $587,000 ; the total exports, $838,000 ; and the 

 customs revenue, $107,000. The commerce of 

 1887 was distributed among the countries hav- 

 ing commercial relations with Hawaii in the 

 following proportions : 



Imports. 



Exports. 



The export of susrar in 1887 was valued at 

 $8,695,000; of rice/$554,000; of skins, $104,- 

 000; of bananas, $55,000; of molasses, $11,- 

 000 ; of wool, $7,000 ; of other products, $103,- 

 000. The imports of bullion and specie were 



