IIAYTI. 



413 



$900,353 in 1887, and the exports $21,276. 

 The principal seaport is Honolulu, where in 

 :nports of the value of 4,573,190 were 

 landed, and exports of the value ol > 

 were shipped. 



Navigation. The number of merchant 

 sels entered in 18*7 was 254, of 210,703 tons, 

 against 310, of 222.372 tons, in 1886, an<: 

 of 190,138 tons in 1*85. The vessels and ton- 

 nage entered in 1887 were as to nationality in 

 the following proportions: 



The mercantile marine in 1887 counted 57 

 vessels, including 15 steamers. The' aggregate 

 tonnage was 12.244. 



Finances. The budget is voted biennially. 

 In that for 1886-"88 the receipts are esti- 

 mated as follows: Customs. : in- 

 ternal commerce. $220.^42: internal imposts, 

 r-22; fines, fees, et es of 

 Government property, $513.732: loans, $1,- 

 : 0: Postal savings-bank. $319.933; mis- 

 cellaneous, $149.482: total, $4.*12.576. 



The expenditures voted under the various 

 heads were as follow : Civil list and appanages, 

 -92 : Legislative Assembly and Privy 

 Council. $60.284: Justice. $154.566; Foreign Af- 

 fairs, $257,996; Interior. $1.204,214; Finances, 

 $727.264: police, etc., $279.81^; instruction, 

 $165,913: Board of Health. $247.9"7: miscel- 

 laneous. $1.47'>.430; total. $4.712. L 



By virtue of a law signed on Sept. 1, 1886, a 

 debt of | . H 10 was contracted in London 



at 6 per cent, interest, in order to pay off an- 

 terior loans. The capital of the debt on April 

 1. l*v*. was $1,936,500. 



HAITI, a republic in the "West Indies, cover- 

 ing the western third of the island of Santo 

 Domingo. (For details relating to territorial 

 divisions, see ''Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1883.) 

 The population was estimated in 1887 at 960,- 



Government. The provisional President of the 

 Republic is Gen. Legitime. His Cabinet was 

 composed of the following ministers: Foreign 

 Affairs and Justice, Eugene Margron : Interior, 

 Gen. Isman Piquant; Finance and Commerce, 

 Alexander Rossisnol ; War and Navy, Gen. 

 Anselme Prophete ; Agriculture, Dr. Koche 

 Grellier. 



The United States Minister at Port-au-Prince, 

 is Dr. John E. W. Thompson: the Haytian 

 Minister to tlie United States is Stephen Pres- 

 ton : the American Consul at Cape Haytien is 

 Stanislas Goutier: the Haytian Consul-General 

 at New York. Ebenezer D. Bassett. 



Army and \avy. The army is recruited par- 

 tially through conscription, and in part by vol- 

 unteers. The usual exemptions are legally 



admitted, the conscripts serving seven 



and the volunteers four. The strength of the 



permanent army is 6.828. The iinv\ 



four war->teamers. one of which is armored, 



mounting four guns. 



Telegraphs. In 1888, cable communication 

 between Hayti and Cuba was opened, the first 

 _re having been received at Mole Saint 

 Xicolas from Aguadores, Cuba, on April 15. 

 Mole Saint Nicolas is the Haytian landing-point 

 of the cable with which all the towns of the 

 republic will be connected by land wires. 



Postal Service. There were in operation, in 

 1886, 31 post-offices, which forwarded 2: 

 letters and postal-cards, and 181,520 newspapers 

 and sample packages ; the receipts being 69,20ft 

 francs, and the expenses 137,215. 



Finances. The national indebtedness amount- 

 ed in 1888 to $13,500.000, composed of a for- 

 eign debt, the loan of 1875, of $4.320,000, and 

 the home debt of $9,180,000. The outlay in 

 1885-'86, amounting to $6,412,956, was met by 

 an income of equal amount, while in 1887-'88 

 the expenditure was limited to $4,066,236. 



Up to the year 1881 hardly any coin but Mexi- 

 can and American silver was to be met with. 

 The latter gradually became scarce, and in its 

 stead the country was invaded by Mexican coin. 

 The American silver dollar then commanded a 

 premium of 10 to 15 per cent, above the Mexi- 

 can. "When subsequently, in 1881. the Nation- 

 al Bank was established at Port-au-Prince, 

 with branch banks at Aux Caves, Jacmel, Petit 

 Goave. and Gonalves, a newly coined Haytian 

 silver dollar began to circulate, the "gourde," 

 which was not worth over 80 cents in Ameri- 

 can gold. In spite of its lower intrinsic value, 

 captains of vessels who had to collect freight 

 in Haytian ports were frequently paid in Hay- 

 tian dollars, which were charged them in ac- 

 count 4s. 4/7. English. On refusing to sub- 

 mit to this unfavorable exchange, their ships' 

 papers were simply retained. This proceed- 

 ing has since become generally known, and 

 captains usually provide themselves for ships' 

 expenses in Hayti with the necessary silver 

 coin abroad, and take good care to stipu- 

 late in bills of lading the coin in which they 

 are to be paid. 



Commerce. In 1887 there were imported 

 into Hayti $6,854.597 worth of merchandise, 

 while the export of Haytian products reached 

 $10,185,366. The chief exports were: Coffee, 

 49,811,781 pounds; logwood, 227,595,803 

 pounds ; cocoa, 3,634.860 pounds ; cotton, 

 2.255.540 pounds ; and besides hides and skins, 

 fustic, lignum vitfe. honey, cotton-seed, tor- 

 toise-shell, mahogany, wax. old copper, and 

 orange-peel. The American trade with Hayti 

 has been as follows: 



