IMMIGRATION, PAUPER. 



INDIA. 



I -.'7 



obligations, as shall enable well-disposed and 

 worthy persons who desire to become resident 

 citizens ot the United States t<> obtain certifi- 

 cates of character and fitness therefor from the 

 consul of the district in which they reside 

 without hardship or unreasonable delay, which 

 certificate shall contain, in addition to other 

 specifications required by this act or which 

 may be prescribed by the Secretary of State, 

 the full name of the individual receiving it. 

 the place of birth, age, occupation, last legal 

 residence, physical marks or peculiarities, and 

 all facts necessary for identification of such in- 

 dividuals ; that no certificate shall be granted 

 to any convict except those convicted of polit- 

 ical offenses, nor to any lunatic, idiot, or any 

 person unable to take care of himself without 

 becoming a public charge, nor to any Anarch- 

 ist. Nihilist, or person hostile to the prin- 

 ciples of the Constitution or form of Govern- 

 ment of the United States, nor to any believer 

 or professed believer in the Mormon religion 

 who fails to satisfy the consul, upon examina- 

 tion, that he intends to and will conform to 

 and obey the laws of the United States, nor to 

 any person included in the prohibition in the 

 act to prohibit the importation and immigra- 

 tion of foreigners and aliens under contract or 

 asreement to perform labor in the United 

 States, the Territories, and the District of Co- 

 lumbia, approved Feb. 26, 1885, or in acts 

 amendatory to that act. In addition to this 

 the bill provided for penalties to be imposed 

 on any vessel violating the law by transporting 

 uncertified persons, established machinery for 

 enforcing the law, and created an immigration 

 fund by imposing a per-capita tax on each im- 

 migrant, to be used in defraying the expenses 

 incident to such regulation of immigration. 

 These efforts led to an investigation by a com- 

 mittee of Congress in 1888, a part of whose 

 work was the collection of the consular reports 

 noted above. As the result of its labors, the 

 committee has visited the several centers of 

 immigration in the eastern and central parts 

 of the United States, and it is now (January, 

 1889) about to report a bill providing for the 

 appointment of consular inspectors to every 

 foreign land that sends lar<re numbers of immi- 

 grants to the United States, and these inspect- 

 ors will be attached to the consular and min- 

 isterial services in the several countries. Those 

 who desire to come to the United States 

 must file applications, giving age, birthplace, 

 occupation, purpose, pedigree, and other im- 

 portant or material points, thirty, sixty, or 

 even ninety days (as may be decided upon), 

 before taking passage : and during that time the 

 inspectors must investigate the past lives and 

 records ot the applicants, and then act according 

 to the finding. It the candidate for admission 

 to the United States is honest, sober, and indus- 

 trious, and desires to come over to better his 

 condition or join those of his family who are 

 already here, and if he gives promise by his 

 past life to make a good citizen, he will receive 



his passport. But if he is found to be a pau- 

 per, an idiot, a criminal, or in-ane : it h> 

 praved and 'ii>-<iute. or wi-ln - B over 



in fulfillment of a contract, he will i< 

 and without hi- if he Moored 



ge on a ve>st-l. he will not be permitted 

 to land. It is believed that this plan, or a 

 modification of it, will become a law within 

 the year. 



I.\DIi, an empire in Southern Asia, subject 

 to Great Britain. By act of Parliament, the 

 British Government in 18->s assumed the ad- 

 ministration of all the territories of the East 

 India Company. The powers of the company 

 and its Board of Control are now exercised by 

 the Secretary of State for India, who is a mem- 

 ber of the British Cabinet. The Queen of 

 Great Britain was proclaimed Empress of India 

 at Delhi on Jan. 1, 1877. The executive au- 

 thority in India is vested in the Governor- 

 General, commonly spoken of as the Viceroy, 

 who acts under the orders of the Secretary of 

 State, and has power to make laws, by the ad- 

 vice of his Council, for British India and for 

 British subjects in the native states, subject to 

 the approval of the British Government. The 

 ordinary measures for the government of India 

 are usually expounded by the Secretary of 

 State at the presentation of the annual budget, 

 and receive the approval of Parliament. 



The Earl of Dufterin. who was appointed 

 Viceroy in 1884, resigned in January, 1888, on 

 account of the state of his wife's health, but 

 did not hand over the administration to his 

 successor till November. The present Viceroy 

 is the Marquis of Lansdowne, who was trans- 

 ferred from the Governor-Generalship of Can- 

 ada. Lord Dufferin, as a mark of honor for 

 his annexation of the Kingdom of Ava. or Up- 

 per Burmah, was created, before his retirement, 

 Marquis of Dufferin and Ava and Earl of Ava. 

 The native press expressed satisfaction at his 

 retirement, as he had disappointed all expecta- 

 tions, and undone much of what was done by 

 Lord Mayo, Lord Northbrook, and Lord Ripon 

 for the good of the people of India. His ad- 

 ministration was marked by a vigorous foreign 

 policy in Afghanistan and Burmah, which in- 

 creased the burdens of the poor Indian tax- 

 payers without any resulting benefits for them, 

 but the domestic policy of progress and reform, 

 in sympathy with the desires and aspirations of 

 the natives, was abandoned when Lord Dufferin 

 took the government from Lord Ripon. The 

 Secretary of State for India is Viscount Cross. 



The Council of the Governor-General con- 

 sists of six ordinary members and the Com- 

 mander-in-Chief. With from six to twelve 

 additional members, appointed by the Viceroy, 

 they constitute the Legislative Council. The 

 Viceroy and the Governors of Bombay and of 

 Madras, whose appointments are political, 

 though not vacated by a ciiania- of mi: 

 are nominated by the home Government ; and 

 so are, sometimes, the members of the Council 

 and the judges of the High Court, f; 



