ITALY. 



447 





At the Democratic State Convention the 

 following nominations were made : for Secre- 

 tary of State, Walter McHenry ; Auditor, 

 Daniel J. Okerson ; Treasurer, Amos i 

 Judge of the Supreme Court, P. Henry 

 Smythe ; Attorney-General. Joseph C. Mitch- 

 ell ; Railroad Commissioners, Peter A. Dey, 

 Christian L. Lund, and Herman E. Wills. 



The Union Labor party nominated fo: 

 retary of State, J. B. Van Court : Auditor, C. 

 M. Farnsworth : Treasurer, James Rice: Judge 

 of the Supreme Court. M. H. Jones: Attorney- 

 General. D. H. Williamson. It adopted the 

 Republican candidates for Railroad Commis- 

 sioners. A Prohibition ticket was also in the 

 field, presenting James Micklewait for Secre- 

 f Mate : Malcolm Smith for Auditor; and 

 E. O. Sharpe for Treasurer. For other places 

 on the ticket the Republican nominees were 

 generally adopted. 



Ar :he November election the vote for Sec- 

 retary of State was as follows: Jackson, 211.- 

 077 votes: McHenry. 180.455; Van Court, 

 9,005; Micklewait. 2,690. The vote for Au- 

 ditor, Treasurer, Supreme Judge, and Attorney- 

 General was substantially the same as for 

 ;iry of State. For Railroad Commis- 

 sioner, Smith received 225.928 votes: Camp- 

 bell, 224. 800 ; Mahit: : Dey, 20: 

 Lund. 17(3.327; Wills, 175.049. 



Candidate Dey ran over 21.000 votes ahead 

 of his ticket, and is the only Democrat that 

 has been elected to a State office in many 

 years. The Republicans carried 10 of the 11 

 congressional districts, gaining two seats from 

 the Democrats, one of them btng the seat of 

 Gen. Weaver. 



ITALY, a constitutional monarchy in southern 

 Europe. The reigning sovereign is Umberto 



I. born March 14. 1844, the eldest son of Vit- 

 torio Emanuele II. and Archduchess Adelaide 

 of Austria, who succeeded to the throne on 

 the death of his father, Jan. 9, 1878. The heir 

 to the throne is Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of 

 Naples, born Nov. 11, 1869. The King's only 

 brother, Amadeo, Duke of Aosta, who was 

 elected King of Spain in 1870, abdicated three 

 years later, and has since been a lieutenant- 

 general in the Italian army, married, on Sept. 



II. 1888, for his second wife, his niece, the 

 Princess Letitia Bonaparte, daughter of Prince 

 Napoleon and the Princess Clotilde of Savoy, 

 and sister of Prince Napoleon Victor Bona- 

 parte, the French pretender. 



The Constitution of the kingdom of Italy is 

 contained in the fundamental statute granted 

 by King Carlo Alberto to the people of Sardi- 

 nia in 1848. and extended to the whole of Italy 

 when Yittorio Emanuele was proclaimed King 

 of the united nation on March 17, 1861. The 

 tive powers are vested in a Senate and 

 Chamber of Deputies. The Senators are nomi- 

 nated by the King from among the persons 

 above forty years of age who have held high 

 posts in the public service, or gained fame in 

 science, literature, or other pursuits, or pay 



3,000 lire in taxes. The Deputies, 508 in nam- 

 ber, are elected by scrutin de lute, every citi- 

 zen having a vote who can read and write and 

 19 lire per annum in taxes, as well as 

 members of academies, professors, and all who 

 have served two years in the active army. The 

 legislative period is live years, but the King 

 can dissolve the Chamber at any time, in which 

 case new elections must be held within four 

 months. The executive power is exercised bv 

 the King under the advice of a cabinet of 

 ministers responsible to the Parliament. The 

 present Cabinet, which was constituted on 

 Aug. 7. 1887, is composed of the following 

 members : President of the Council and Min- 

 ister of the Interior, Francesco Crispi, who has 

 also been Minister of Foreign Affairs ad in- 

 terim since the transfer of Count Robilant to 

 the London Embassy in the spring of 1888; 

 Minister of Public Instruction. P. Boselli, who 

 succeeded Michele Coppinoin February, 1888; 

 Minister of Finance and of the Treasury, 

 Agostino Magliani, appointed Nov. 26, 

 Minister of War. Gen. Ettore Bertole Yiale ; 

 Minister of Marine, Benedetto Brin ; Minister 

 of Justice and Public Worship, Giuseppe Zan- 

 ardelli : Minister of Commerce, Industry, and 

 Agriculture, Bernardino Grimaldi ; Minister of 

 Public Works, Giuseppe Sarracco. 



Area and Population. The area of the king- 

 dom, as estimated by the Military Geographical 

 Institute of Florence, is 2S0.5S-r> square kilo- 

 metres or 110,620 square miles, of which i 

 sqnare kilometres or 9.935 square miles con- 

 stitute the area of the island of Sicily, and 24.- 

 juare kilometres or 9,293 square miles 

 belong to Sardinia and adjacent islands. The 

 total population on Dec. 31, 1887, was com- 

 puted to be 30,260,065. The number of Prot- 

 estants in Italy is about 62.000. of whom 2i 

 are in the valleys of the Yaud. The Israelit- 

 ish population is estimated at 38,000. The 

 number of marriages in 1887 was 233.338; of 

 births, 1,194,700; of deaths, 876.777: excess 

 of births over deaths. 317.923. The emigra- 

 tion to European countries in 1887 was 82,474; 

 to Egypt. 867 ; to Tunis, 633 ; to Algeria, 

 1,876; to the United States and Canada. 38,- 

 853 : to the Argentine Republic. Uruguay, and 

 Paraguay. 54.499 ; to Brazil and other South 

 American countries. Mexico, and Central 

 America, 33.003 : to South America, without 

 declared destination, 3.108; to Asia. Africa, 

 and Oceanica. 853 : total emigration. 215.665, 

 as compared with 167.829 in 1886. 157,193 in 

 1885, 147.01 7 in 1884. and 109.101 in 1883. An 

 act for the protection of emigrants was passed 

 in 1888. Domiciled residents who desire to 

 act as emigration agents must obtain a license 

 from the Minister of the Interior, for which 

 the recommendation of the police prefect of 

 the province is necessary, and must deposit 

 from 1,000 to 3. 000 lire as a guarantee fund to 

 secure emigrants against losses incurred through 

 the fault or negligence of the agent. The 

 agents are forbidden to receive compensation 



