448 



ITALY. 



from emigrants, or to counsel, induce, or in- 

 cite emigration, or to furnish emigrants with 

 their passage, or mediate between them and the 

 shipping company. Clergymen and local offi- 

 cials are likewise prohibited from advising or 

 promoting emigration, even without hope of 

 gain. The spreading of false information with 

 the object of. encouraging emigration is pun- 

 ishable as swindling. 



Commerce. The total value of the special im- 

 ports in 1887 was 1,690.500,000 lire or francs, 

 and of the exports 1,109,700,000 francs. The 

 value of the imports and exports of the various 

 classes of commodities were as follow : 



Total special commerce. . > 1,630,500,000 1,109,700,000 



The transit trade in 1887 amounted to 50,- 

 046,819 lire. The imports of cereals in 1887 

 were valued at 232,600,000 lire; exports, 31,- 

 200,000 lire ; imports of wines and liquors, 

 16,600,000 lire; exports, 111,200,000 lire : im- 

 ports of tobacco, 19,000,000 lire ; imports of 

 fruits, vegetables, etc., 25,300,000 lire; exports, 

 79,700,000 lire; imports of animal food prod- 

 ucts, 104,100,000 lire; exports, 73,800,000 lire. 

 The imports of coal amounted to 86,600,000 

 lire; imports of metals, 113,000,000 lire; im- 

 ports of textile materials, 180,100,000 lire; ex- 

 ports, 327,700,000 lire ; imports of timber, 81,- 

 800,000 lire; exports, 11,800,000 lire. The 

 imports of machines and vehicles were valued 

 at 78,900,000 lire; imports of textile yarns, 

 126,100,000 lire; exports, 21,900,000 lire ; im- 

 ports of tissues and garments, 141,500,000 lire; 

 exports, 27,600,000 lire; imports of jewelry 

 and art objects, 50,300,000 lire; exports, 40,- 

 600,000 lire. The value of the commerce with 

 each of the principal foreign countries for 1887 

 is given in francs in the following table : 



Navigation. The number of vessels engaged 

 in foreign trade entered at the ports of Italy 

 in 1887 was 17,552, of 7,052,659 tons, of which 

 10,016, of 1,680,927 tons, were Italian. The 



number of steamers among all the vessels en- 

 tered was 6,584, of 6,040,586 tons, of which 

 1,201, of 987,364 tons, were Italian. The num- 

 ber of vessels entered with cargoes was 15,605, 

 of 6,521,638 tons. The total number of vessels 

 cleared for long voyages was 17,431, of 6,742,- 

 191 tons, of which 9,515, of 3,547,886 tons, 

 were laden. The vessels in the coasting trade 

 entered were 93,399 in number, of the aggre- 

 gate tonnage of 13,258,643, of which all were 

 Italian excepting 3,299 vessels, of 2,854,080 

 tons. The fishing-vessels entered at the ports 

 numbered 1,367, of 10,945 tons. 



The merchant navy on Jan. 1, 1887, con- 

 sisted of 6,992 sailing-vessels, of 801,349 tons, 

 and 237 steamers, of 144,328 tons, making a 

 total of 7,229 vessels, of 945,677 tons, as com- 

 pared with 7,336 vessels, of 953,419 tons, on 

 Jan. 1, 1886. There was a decrease of 119 in 

 the number of sailing-vessels and of 27,470 

 tons in the sail tonnage, while the steam-ves- 

 sels increased by 12 in number and the steam 

 tonnage by 19,728 tons. 



Finances. The treasury accounts for the 

 financial year 1886-'87 give the total receipts as 

 1,801,185,804 lire and the total expenditures as 

 1,789,413,851 lire, showing a surplus of 11,771,- 

 953 lire. The ordinary receipts for 1886-'S7 

 were estimated at 1,543,789,972 lire, including 

 receipts tfordre, and the extraordinary receipts 

 at 215,028,272 lire; total, 1,758,818,244 lire. 

 The total expenditures were set down at 1,801,- 

 757,180 lire, of which 315,695,059 lire were 

 for extraordinary purposes. The budget for 

 the year ending June 30, 1889, makes the ordi- 

 nary receipts 1,550,535,015 lire, of which 84,- 

 618,643 lire represent revenues from railroads 

 and other state property ; 394,207,684 lire the 

 taxes on land, houses, and incomes from per- 

 sonal property ; 212,723,000 lire the succession, 

 registration, stamp, and railroad taxes; 667,- 

 377,245 lire the revenue tax on imports, octrois, 

 profits of the tobacco and salt monopolies, and 

 duties on beer, alcohol, powder, sugar, etc.; 

 76,302,000 lire profits of the state lottery ; and 

 77,612,985 lire revenue from the post-office, 

 telegraph, and other public services. Including 

 93,688,409 lire representing the expenses of 

 working the domains, the interest on bonds 

 deposited as reserve against paper money, and 

 the funds for the payment of pensions, which 

 items are entered on both sides of the account, 

 the total ordinary revenue amounts to 1,644,- 

 223,424 lire. The extraordinary receipts are 

 246,461,967 lire, of which 195,399,734 lire con- 

 stitute the sum set aside for the construction 

 of railroads. On capital account the receipts 

 are 38,845,860 lire, of which 14,450,446 lire are 

 derived from sales of public lands and 21,334,- 

 000 lire from loans for the improvement of the 

 Tiber, public works in Naples, and other pur- 

 poses. The ordinary disbursements are esti- 

 mated at the sum of 1,538,868,599 lire, show- 

 ing a surplus in the ordinary budget of 105,- 

 354,825 lire. The extraordinary disbursements, 

 amounting to 388,801,115 lire, or 142,339,148 



