486 LITERATURE, AMERICAN. 



LITERATURE, BRITISH. 



Helen B. Merriman ; " Christian-Science Heal- 

 ing " was from Frances Lord ; and " Ruth, the 

 Christian Scientist, or the New Hygeia," was 

 from the pen of Rev. John Chester. Henry 

 Clews wrote " Twenty-eight Years in Wall 

 Street," and a New York Broker, "The Art 

 of Investing." u How to get rich in the 

 South " was told by W, II. Harrison, Jr., and 

 George W. Walling furnished " Recollections 

 of a New York Chief of Police." " The Death- 

 Blow to Spiritualism," by Reuben Briggs Dav- 

 enport, gave " The True Story of the Fox Sis- 

 ters " ; and " Physical Proofs of Another Life " 

 were proffered by F. J. Lippit, in " Letters 

 to the Seybert Commission." Among books 

 of reference, Vol. XII of " Appletons' Annual 

 Cyclopaedia" appeared, as also an "Index" 

 to the series from 1876 to 1887, inclusive; a 

 new " Cyclopaedia of Universal Literature," by 

 J. B. Alden, reached eleven, and a "Manifold 

 Cyclopaedia," from the same source, twelve 

 volumes; and the "Library of American Lit- 

 erature," edited by Edmund C. Stedman and El- 

 .len Mackay Hutchinson, was continued in four 

 volumes. William Cushing issued a second 

 series of " Initials and Pseudonyms." Ains- 

 worth R. Spoffbrd compiled "The American 

 Almanac for 1888," and Carroll D. Wright 

 published " Statistics of Colleges." The tenth 

 number of " The Statistical Abstract of the 

 United States for 1887" was issued by the Bu- 

 reau of Statistics of the Treasury Department 

 at Washington. " Ancient Rome in the Light 

 of Recent Discoveries," by Prof. Rodolfo Lan- 

 ciani, containing an account of excavations 

 made by the Italian Government under his ob- 

 servation, while not, properly speaking, an 

 American work, nevertheless made its appear- 

 ance among us, and owed its existence largely 

 to American resources. 



The / following are the figures given by the 

 " Publishers' Weekly," as representing the is- 

 sues of the year : 



LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1888. Book-pro- 

 duction in England increased largely in 1888 ; 

 4,960 new books were published, an advance of 

 550 over those of 1887, and of new editions 

 there were 1,631. The increase is especially 

 to be noted in fiction, in theology, and in po- 

 etry and the drama ; though, particularly in 

 the last instance, there was no perceptible 

 improvement in character. Voyages and trav- 

 els, with biography and history, present nearly 

 the same number of volumes recorded in 1887, 

 and the activity in these departments aroused 

 during the Jubilee year appears to have extend- 

 ed its infiuence over not only the quantity but 

 the quality of the work. On the whole, but 

 few books of enduring merit are to be expected 

 from a single twelvemonth, and these are no 

 doubt to be found amid the multitude that 

 serve the purpose of their issue. 



Fine Arts. Foremost among works on the 

 subject of art are to be mentioned " Imagina- 

 tion in Landscape Painting," by Philip Gilbert 

 llamerton, and a "Popular Handbook to the 

 National Gallery," prepared by E. T. Cook, to 

 which a preface was furnished by John Ruskin. 

 W. W. May wrote on " Marine Painting," Lady 

 Dilke on " Art in the Modern State," and 

 Wilfrid Meynell on "Modern Art and Artists." 

 Margaret Stokes made a study of "Early 

 Christian Art in Ireland," and E. Sharpe of 

 "The Seven Periods of English Architecture." 

 " Our Recent Actors," by Westland Marston, 

 and " The Prima Donna, Her History and Sur- 

 roundings from the Seventeenth to the Nine- 

 teenth Century," by H. Sutherland Edwards, 

 are the leading works relating to the stage. In 

 music we have a " Manual of Orchestration," 

 by H. Clarke. Among illustrated works the 

 most prominent are " Sketches of North Ital- 

 ian Folk," from Randolph Caldecott, in a lim- 

 ited edition, with text by Mrs. Comyns Carr ; 

 " Pictures of East- Anglian Life," in photo- 

 gravure and small drawings, descriptive text 

 by P. II. Emerson ; and " The Pied Piper of 

 Hamelin," by Kate Greenaway. 



History. An event of the literary year was 

 the completion, in two volumes (V and VI), of 

 " The Invasion of the Crimea," by Alexander 

 William Kinglake, bringing the narrative down, 

 as set forth in the full title, to the death of 

 Lord Raglan. . Another important work was 

 also finished in "A Historv of England: Pe- 

 riod IV," by the Rev. J. F. Bright. "Two 

 Centuries of Irish History, 1691-1870," were 

 edited by James Bryce, whose " American 

 Commonwealth " at last appeared in the clos- 

 ing days of the year. II. W. Dulcken wrote 

 " A Popular History of England, from the Ear- 

 liest Period to the Jubilee of Victoria, Queen 

 and Empress, Ib87," and from J. A. Doyle we 

 have " The Puritan Colonies." " A History of 

 Scotland," chiefly in its ecclesiastical aspect, 

 was written by M. G. J. Kinloch. Mrs. Green 

 published a revised edition of her husband's 

 famous " Short History of the English People," 

 with an interesting and valuable introduction ; 



