494 



LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1888. 



Patrology," which promises to be useful as 

 well as important. Love of philosophy is 

 shown in bringing out editions of ancient 

 Greek writers, by D. Semitelos and Dr. Ber- 

 nardarkis. The editorial work is said to be 

 excellent. A good contribution to the study 

 of the dialects of modern Greece has been 

 made by A. Paspatis, favorably known by his 

 studies on the gypsies, etc. The glossology 

 and folk-lore of the Morea are treated of in 

 the " Collection of Linguistic Material and 

 Usages of the Greek People," by S. Papaza- 

 pheiropulos. A lecture by J. Balabanis gives 

 an interesting sketch of the dialect and cus- 

 toms of the Greeks of Pontus. An excellent 

 report, by A. P. Kerameus, has been printed 

 respecting palaiographic and philological re- 

 searches in Thrace and Macedonia. In his- 

 tory and biography the contributions have 

 been few, and of no great moment. Two 

 works relating to the history of Cephalonia 

 have appeared, originally written in Italian, 

 but translated into Greek, with annotations. 

 M. Dimitsas has published an elaborate biog- 

 raphy of Olympias, the mother of Alexander 

 the Great. Dr. A. Kephallinos, Sanskrit in- 

 structor in the University of Athens, has un- 

 dertaken to prove the strong influence of the 

 Greek drama on the Indian, and N. Parissis 

 has published an interesting book on Abys- 

 sinia. Dr. D. Chassiotis, in his "Essays and 

 Addresses on Epirus," deals with politics and 

 statistics. A. P. Kerameus (named above), 

 in his " Contributions to the History of Neo- 

 Hellenic Literature," has printed valuable epis- 

 tles from Greek men of letters of the sixteenth 

 and seventeenth centuries. Archaeology occu- 

 pies much attention, as is shown by Dr. Th. 

 Sophulis, in a volume on "The Ancient Athe- 

 nian School," and by Dr. P. G. Papandreu, in 

 a work entitled " Azanias, an Account of the 

 Ancient Cities of the Arcadian Azanias." The 

 venerable A. Rhangabe, Nestor of Neo-Hel- 

 lenic literature, has brought out the first parts 

 of an " Archaeological Dictionary," and Dr. 

 Costomoiris has devoted a monograph to the 

 ancient Greeks as aurists and oculists. Fic- 

 tion holds its own in the newspapers, but only 

 a few stories and tales appear in book-form. 

 The drama and poetry are but poorly repre- 

 sented this year. The satirist, G. Suris, has 

 published two new volumes of " Poems." 

 Some good verse is found in J. Polemis's 

 "Winter Blossoms"; and the poems of Mari- 

 etta Betsu, now collected in a volume, "Laurels 

 and Myrtles," are touching and impressive. 



Holland. There has been a large produc- 

 tion of novels and novelettes in Holland this 

 year; only a few, however, deserve mention 

 here. Nessuno's "Jonkheer Beemsen " is of 

 the psychological type : " Neven en Nichten," 

 by the brothers Van Duyl. is remarkably free 

 from conventionality; Van Loghem's "Vic- 

 tor" deals with idealism and realism in a 

 rather unsatisfactory way ; and L. Van Deysel, 

 in his "Eene Lief de," follows the Frenchman 



Zola's offensive naturalism. A fairy tale, 

 " Kleine Johannes," comes from Frederik 

 Van Eeden ; it abounds in poetic sentiment 

 and is well worked out. In poetry little has 

 been done worth mentioning. Beets's " Win- 

 terloof "is amusing ; W. Prins's poetry, "Lief- 

 de's Erinnering,"is good in parts, but unequal ; 

 and Marie Bodaert's " Aquarellen," evince 

 feeling and taste. A translation of Shake- 

 speare, by Burgersdyk, is now nearly com- 

 pleted, and is much praised by the critics. 

 Translations from the English and Hungarian 

 have met with favor. In the drama, Van 

 Meerbeke's little comedy, " Eene Ministerieele 

 Crisis" is amusing, as is also Van Maurik's 

 " Francoise's Opstel " ; but neither is of a very 

 high order. Mr. Emant's tragedy, " Adolf 

 van Gelre," is in blank verse, and is highly 

 spoken of by the critics. This same Adolf is ' 

 the hero of a historical novel by Mr. Huf van 

 Buren. Colonial history has been well culti- 

 vated this year by several good writers. We 

 may name Annie Foore's sketches, " Uit het 

 Indisch Familie-leven " ; Eckart's " Indische 

 Brieven aan een Staatsraad " ; and Van De- 

 venter's instructive " History of the Dutch in 

 Java," which is now complete. Various reg- 

 isters and documents from archives have been 

 brought out, and P. M. Netscher has written 

 a good history of the Dutch colonies in the 

 West Indies. The history of Holland itself in 

 the latter half of the seventeenth century is well 

 illustrated by Dutch writers, specially Sy'pes- 

 tein and the author of the " Journalen Van C. 

 Huygens," the younger, the secretary of Wil- 

 liam III. The fourth volume of G. K. Van 

 Hogendorp's letters and memoirs (during 1787) 

 has appeared ; and the memoirs of his brother, 

 Gen. Dirk Van Hogendorp, which are full of 

 interesting adventures, have been published. 

 Prof. Ten Brink is bringing out a new series of 

 biographies, which are well written and valu- 

 able. Prof. Pierson has published the first of 

 a series of essays, " Geestelyke Voorouders," 

 the purpose of which is to illustrate the chief 

 sources (if civilization and spiritual life. Dr. 

 Kuiper's "Euripides" is an earnest effort to 

 defend that poet against Aristophanes's charge 

 of atheism. He holds that the author of "Al- 

 cestis" was an honest skeptic, if nothing more. 

 Two notable scholars, Mr. Ran and Mr. Vos- 

 maer, have died during the year. 



Hungary. Literary production this year in 

 Hungary offers a similar record to that of 

 1887. the Crown Prince has acquired reputa- 

 tion in ethnography and natural philosophy, 

 and the Archduke Joseph has shown himself to 

 be an excellent philologist, in a grammar of the 

 gypsy language, if there be really such a lan- 

 guage. The book is spoken of in high terms 

 by the critics, and appears to be a valuable 

 contribution to comparative as well as special 

 philology. Prof. E. Thewrewk has added an 

 appendix to the grammar, giving a very full 

 account of the origin, language, history, etc., 

 of the gypsies. Ural-Altaic studies have met 



