MAINE. 



507 



the Church and state. Said Hon. W. W. 

 Thomas, in his historical address: 



The man who, as a member of the Continental 

 Congress, gave the casting vote of Pennsylvania in 

 favor of the Declaration of Independence, was a 

 Swede of the old Delaware stock, John Morton, the 

 worthy ancestor of the great war Governor, Morton, 

 of Indiana ; and when civil war burst upon the land 

 it was a descendant of New Sweden, the gallant Gen. 

 Robert Anderson, who with but a handful of men 

 calmly and bravely met the first shock of the rebell- 

 ion at Fort Suratcr. A:id New Sweden will ever bo 

 illustrious from the principles of true humanity which 

 distinguish its founding. The idea of New "Sweden 

 originated in the mind of Gustavus Adolphus, al- 

 though it was not until after his death that the plan 

 was carried put by his great chancellor, Oxenstjerna. 

 It was the intention of the Swedish King that this 

 colony should be an asylum for the oppressed of all 

 nations a free State "where all would have equal 

 rights and enjoy to the fullest extent the fruits of 

 their own labor. Slavery should never exist within 

 its borders, for, said Gustavus, " Slaves .cost a great 

 deal, labor with reluctance, and soon perish with 

 hard usage." William Penn arrived on this conti- 

 nent in 163:2. forty-four years alter the Swedes, and 

 landed within the limits of New Sweden. It was the 

 Swedish settlers and their children who received the 

 good Quaker, welcomed him to the New World, and 

 entertained him with kindness and hospitality. It 

 was the Swedes also wiio acted as Penn'a interpreters 

 with the Indians. How could it be otherwise than that 

 so keen an observer as Pcnn should learn from his hosts 

 and interpreters their manner of dealing with the red 

 man and be impressed with its success ? Precisely as 

 the Swedes had done before him, Penn acquired land 

 of the Indians by purchase, treated them kindly, and 



kept faith with them. Penn has been justly p- 

 for his peaceful and humane policy toward t. ; 

 man. I would not pluck a leal from the laurels with 

 which America has crowned tin- L r re:it Quaker ; but, 

 honor to whom honor is due. Impartial history re- 

 cords that the honor of originating this policy on this 

 continent is due not to \V illiain Penn, but to the 

 Swedes of New Sweden. Penn. in a letter, mentions 

 his kind reception by the Swedes, and praises their 

 industry and their respect for authority. He says : 

 " As they are a people proper and strong of L<> 

 they have fine children, and almost cv.-ry house full ; 

 rare to find one of them without three or four boys 

 and as many girls, some six, seven, and eight 

 And I must do them right, I see lew young men 

 more sober and industrious." 



With the acquisition of the country by the 

 English, Swedish immigration began to dimin- 

 ish, and for nearly two centuries was insignifi- 

 cant ; but about twenty -five years ago it took 

 a fresh start, and since then immigration from 

 Sweden has assumed immense proportions and 

 constitutes one of the marvels in the migration 

 of nations. Taking into consideration only the 

 later years, we note that in 1880 there arrived 

 on these shores more than 40,000 Swedes; in 

 1881, 50,000; and in 1882 more than 64.000; 

 and, during the first half of the year 1887, 

 more than 30,000 at the port of New York 

 alone. The great majority of these have set- 

 tled in the West and Northwest. Minnesota 

 has a Swedish population of nearly 200,000, and 

 may justly be called the New Sweden of the 

 great Northwest. 



M 



MAINE. The following were the State offi- 

 cers during the year: Governor, Sebastian S. 

 Marble (Republican) ; Secretary of State, Ora- 

 mandal Smith; Treasurer, Edwin C. Burleigh, 

 who resigned on July 14 and was succeeded by 

 George L. Beal; Attorney-General, Orville D. 

 Baker; Superintendent of Public Schools, Nel- 

 son A. Luce ; Railroad Commissioners, Asa W. 

 "Wildes, Roscoe L. Bowers, and David N. Mort- 

 land; Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court, 

 John A. Peters ; Associate Justices, Charles 

 W. Walton, Charles Danfprth, William W. Vir- 

 gin, Artemus Libbey, Lucilius A. Emery, Enoch 

 Foster, and Thomas H. llaskell. 



Finance*. The following is a summary of the 

 receipts and disbursements of the State during 

 the year : 



Cash in treasury. Jan. 1, 1SS3 $312.28303 



Total receipts for 1SSS 1,087,833 90 



Total $1,399.670 93 



Total expenditures for 1SS8 $1,127,393 52 



Cash in treasury, Dec. 81, 1SS3 27'2.'2S3 41 



Total $1,399,676 93 



The resources of the State, Jan. 1, 1889, are 

 $2.289,073.88 ; liabilities, $5,381,502. Of this 

 last-named amount $1,748,000 is war -loan 

 bonds due Jan. 1, 1889; and $2,187,400 is 

 bonds of loan for the assumption of municipal 



war debts, due Oct. 1, 1889. Expenditures 

 under the different departments of the State 

 have exceeded the appropriations by $104,- 

 025.62. 



The fifty-six savings-banks in the State have 

 paid a Stale tax of $272,128.42; the different 

 railroads of $109,760.66, the telegraph com- 

 panies of $6,350, the telephone companies of 

 $1,387.50, the express companies of $1-293, 

 and the insurance companies of $22,883.57, 

 making a total from these sources of $412,- 

 803.15. 



The condition of the sinking-fund of the 

 State is shown by the following detailed ex- 

 hibit : 



Creditor, by balance. Jan. 1, 1SS8 $9-19,600 64 



Amount received lor interest on funds invested 

 in securities outside the State of Maine 40,080 00 



Total $959,690 64 



Debtor to amount State of Maine bonds 

 purchased during the year 1888, and canceled 

 as follows: 



Issue. June 1, 1S64 (registered) $10.00000 



(coupon) 4,000 00 



" Oct. i. ; -d) i.ooo oo 



" " ' (coupon) 8,600 00 



To amount paid for premiums on same 



' accrued interest on same... 20981 



Balance, sinking fund, Dt< . value.. 965,296 83 



Total. . . $9-9,6<iO C4 



