MINNESOTA. 



557 



the United States " (London, 1877), which is to 

 be particularly recommended to laymen on ac- 

 count of its briefness and thoroughness. The 

 principle English text-book is MacSwinney s 

 " Mines and Mineral-," and the American is 

 Bainbridge, on the " Law of Mines and Miner- 

 als " (First American Edition from Third Lon- 

 don Edition, 1878). 



MIESOTA. State Government, The follow- 

 ing were the State officers during the year: 

 Governor, Andrew R. McGill. Republican: 

 Lieutenant-Governor, Albert E. Rice; Secre- 

 tary of State, Hans Mattson ; Auditor. W. W. 

 Braden; Treasurer, Joseph Bobleter; Attorney- 

 General. Moses E. Clapp; Superintendent of 

 Public Instruction, D. L. Kiehle ; Railroad and 

 Warehouse Commissioners, Horace Au-tin, 

 John L. Gibbs, George L. Becker ; Chief- Jus- 

 tice of the Supreme Court, James Gilfillan ; 

 Associate Justices, John M. Berry, "William 

 Mitchell, Daniel A. Dickenson, and Charles E. 

 Vanderburgh. 



Finances. The report of the State Treasurer 

 for 1888 gives the following statement of fi- 

 nances for the year ending July 31, 1888 : Re- 

 ceipts, *3.<i97.610.25 ; balance in treasury Aug. 

 1, 18*7. *i ^.860.66; total, $3,746,470.91. 

 Disbursements, $2,404.10842; balance in 

 treasury July 31, 1888, $1.342,362.07: total, 

 8,746,470.91. Of this balance, only $139,- 

 _ stands to the credit of the revenue fund 

 available for general expenses. The estimated 

 receipts and disbursements for such expenses 

 for the ensuing three years are as follow : 



FISCAL YEAR. 



The deficiency for 1889 is thus $320.558.94. 

 The State debt consists of but one class of 

 bonds, viz. Minnesota. 44-per-cent. adjust- 

 ment bonds, bearing date July 1, 1881, due in 

 twenty years, and redeemable at the State's 

 option after ten years. The amount outstand- 

 ing is $3.965,000*; the State holds of her own 

 bonds as follows: Invested school fund, $1,- 

 981,000: invested university fund, $28-. 

 total, $2.269.000. It will be noted that the 

 total debt is $3,965,000: from this should be 

 deducted $1,994.209, which represents the ac- 

 cumulation in the internal improvement land 

 fund, which is by law et apart as a sinking- 

 fund. The State debt, less the available sink- 

 ing-fund, is then reduced to $1.970.791. 



Education. The permanent school fund now 

 amounts to $8,258.096.70, having increased 

 from sales of land $954.030.56 during 1887 and 

 1888. It is expected that this fund will eventu- 

 ally amount to $18,000,000 or $20,OOO.nnO. 

 The whole amount expended on the public 

 schools for the year ending June 30, 1888, in- 



cluding new buildings, was $4,333,695.41. 

 The number of enrolled pupils, higL and nor- 

 mal schools included, for the year 18&K 

 259,335, and the number of perx,n> in the 

 State between the age> of five and twt-iii 

 is estimated at 416.550. The average daily at- 

 tendance has been 126,468, and tlie average 

 length of school during the year has been 6'1 

 months. There have been 1,884 male teachers 

 employed at an average monthly salary of 

 $40.10, aud 5.071 female teachers at an a-. 

 monthly salary of $:-J0.52. The number of 

 teachers that have taught in the same district 

 three or more years is 727 fur 1888, which is 

 an increase of 46 per cent, over 1887, and 120 

 per cent, over 1886. The number of normal 

 graduates teaching in 1888 was 571, an increase 

 of 60 per cent, over 1886 ; while that of teach- 

 ers attending normal school in 1888 was 

 1.427, an increase of 40 per cent, over 1886. 

 The amount paid to teachers in wages for the 

 year was $1,942,665.73, and $1,121,304.83 was 

 paid for new school houses and sites. The law 

 requiring the teaching of temperance hygiene 

 in the public schools has been generally com- 

 plied with. Under a recent law granting aid 

 to schools in purchasing libraries, there have 

 been furnished by the State 311 of these libra- 

 ries. " The growth of the schools has been 

 further enhanced," says the Governor, u by the 

 recent amendment to the State Constitution 

 permitting the State school funds to be loaned 

 to school districts for building purposes in pro- 

 viding new and better school-houses. The 

 amount so loaned in the twenty-one months 

 the law has been in operation is $291,124 91. 

 One of the greatest stimulants and benefits 

 ever received by our common schools comes 

 through the law of 1887, which levies a straight 

 one-mill tax annually on the taxable property 

 of the State and devotes the proceeds, based 

 on the enrollments of the schools, to the vari- 

 ous school districts of the State. This le 

 extended on the tax rolls of 1888, amounted to 

 $486,670.03." 



Through an appropriation made by the last 

 Legislature, a handsome new building has been 

 erected at Moorhead for the fourth normal 

 school, which is now in operation. The estab- 

 lishment of this school probably supplies the 

 last demand in the State, in the way of new 

 normal schools, for many years to come. 



During the year schools of law and medi- 

 cine have been organized in the State univer- 

 sity. The school of medicine embraces a col- 

 lege of medicine, a college of homrepathic 

 medicine, and a college of dentistry. The 

 course of instruction covers three years. The 

 schools will use the medical college building 

 in St. Paul, and the hospital college building 

 in Minneapolis. A school of agriculture with 

 a two-years' course has also been opened for 

 practical instruction in farming. The presi- 

 dent of the university reports that the large 

 science hall and museum, which were begun 

 in 18S7, are nearly completed. 



