MONTANA. 



MONTENEGRO. 



5G9 



ritory has secured the confinentcnt, care, and support 

 ot 'its convicted criminals in that prison. Xo prisoner 

 is required to work one hour of the time for which lie 

 is there confined. The institution is a sightly, well- 

 provided, and well-kept home. There are but seventy 

 md this limited provision has necessitated the 

 putting of two convicts in each cellj and in addition 

 to that number, there are periods of time when ten to 

 fifteen others have to be accommodated and guarded. 

 The Territorv law thus paid for boarding in id 

 the convicteJ criminals since Janu;;: 

 and the Auditor's office shows that these annual outlays 

 are increasing from $3,000 to $7,000 every year. 



Mineral-Land Convention. Early in February 

 a Territorial convention of citizens interested in 

 mining met at Helena to devise means for pre- 

 venting the mineral lands of the Territory from 

 being taken by the Northern Pacific Railroad 

 Company under its grant from the Govern- 

 ment of certain sections of the public lands. 

 Although the railroad was obliged to make its 

 selections out of non-mineral surveyed lands, 

 yet, by procuring surveyors to make return of 

 mineral land as non-mineral, it might acquire 

 title to very valuable property. Cases had al- 

 ready happened in Deer Lodge County and Sil- 

 ver Bow County, near the city of Butte, in the 

 richest mineral region of the Territory, where 

 land returned as non-mineral had been certi- 

 fied to the company, which, in fact, contained 

 valuable deposits of metals. The means adopt- 

 ed by the convention to prevent the company 

 from acquiring full title to such land consisted 

 in the appointment of a central executive com- 

 mittee of five persons, with power to appoint 

 sub-committees and employ professional assur- 

 ance, to forward to the Department of the In- 

 terior, with the least possible delay, proofs 

 setting forth the mineral character of the 

 lands heretofore designated and selected by 

 the Northern Pacific Railroad Company in the 

 Territory of Montana, and likewise of all other 

 lands included within the land-grant to said 

 railroad company. Means were also taken to 

 bring the subject before Congr 



Indian Reservation. By an act of Congress, 

 passed and approved in the early months of 

 this year, a large tract of land, covering more 

 than 20.000,000 acres, heretofore reserved and 

 set apart to the use of the Piegan and other 

 Indians, was redeemed from Indian ownership, 

 and is soon to be surveyed and offered for pur- 

 chase and occupancy. 



PolitkaL On April 19 a mass- meeting of 

 Prohibitionists of the Territory was held at 

 Helena to form a Territorial Prohibiiion party. 

 An organization was duly effected and delegates 

 chosen to the National Prohibition Conven- 

 tion. The Democratic Convention to nomi- 

 nate a candidate for Territorial delegate was 

 held at Butte on September 11, and resulted 

 in the choice of William A. Clarke. A plat- 

 form was adopted approving of the St. Louis 

 platform, the President's message, and the 

 Mill's Bill, favoring free coinage of silver, op- 

 posing Chinese immigration, demanding the 

 admission of the Territory, urging a diminu- 

 tion of Indian reservations, and favoring the 



allowance to citizens of the Territory of the 

 free use of timber on the public domain. The 

 Republican Convention was held at Helena 

 on September IT, and nominated Thomas II. 

 Carter for delegate. The resolutions contain 

 the protectionist doctrines of tin.- National 

 party, whose platform and nominees they 

 ratify, complain , of the non-admission of the 

 Territory, attack the Canadian fishery negotia- 

 tions, and repeat the Democratic declaration 

 against Chinese immigration. The Prohibi- 

 tion party placed in the field, as its first 

 candidate for delegate, Davis AVillson. At 

 the November election the Republican ticket 

 was successful, poling 22,482 votes, to 1 ! 

 for the Democratic nominee, and 148 votes for 

 the Prohibition candidate. At the election in 

 1886, Toole (Democrat) was chosen delegate 

 by 3,718 plurality. Seven Republicans and 

 5 Democrats were elected to the Council, 

 and 19 Republicans and 5 Democrats to the 

 Lower House of the Legislature. 



MOMEXEGRO, a principality in Southeast- 

 ern Europe. The reigning Prince is Nicholas 

 I, born Oct. 7, 1841. (For description of the 

 Government see "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 

 1884, page 536). The area, including the dis- 

 trict of Dulcigno, ceded by Turkey in 18SO. is 

 about 3,630 square miles, and the population 

 236,000. The boundaries on the south and 

 ea-r of the annexed district were agreed 

 upon in November, 1887, and the delimitation 

 was not completed till August, 1888. The 

 uncertainty as to the boundary has led to fre- 

 quent fights between the Kufchi tribe on the 

 Montenegrin side and the Albanian tribes of 

 Hoti and Grudi. Prince Nicholas rece'ves 

 subsidies from the Russian Government, and 

 endeavors to promote Russian policy in the 

 Balkan Peninsula. Montenegrins have taken 

 part in all the revolutionary attempts in 

 Bulgaria and in the guerilla warfare again.-t 

 the Austrians in Herzegovina. On the occa- 

 sion of the promulgation of the new civil code, 

 Prince Nicholas issued a ukase in which he 

 expressed deep gratitude to the Czar as the 

 " protector of all Slavs," an expression against 

 which the official organs of Austria strongly 

 protested. 



The Montenegrins live to a great extent 

 under the communistic and patriarchal insti- 

 tutions of the early Slavs. The inhabitants 

 are divided into forty tribes, each governed by 

 elders, who are elected. The Prince is repre- 

 sented in each of the eighty districts byakujas 

 or captain, who acts as a magistrate in time 

 of peace, and a military commander in war. 

 The inhabitants raise live-stock of all kinds, 

 and export hides, cattle, goats, smoked mutton, 

 and cheese, besides smoked sardines, skins and 

 furs, sumac, and insect-powder. Grain is grown 

 in insufficient quantities, and much of the food 

 must be imported from Russia. "When the 

 crops fail, there is much suffering, as was the 

 case in the Zeta valley in the winter of 

 '88. The Government owes 700,000 florins 



