MOROCCO. 



571 



ter spiritual life by means additional to those 

 provided by the established churches. Its atreiits 

 are itinerant in wide circuits and hold meetings 

 in their chapels at hours not interfering with 

 those of the parish church ; and they form 

 societies of persons who incline toward Mora- 

 vian views, but do not feel called upon to leave 

 the established church. The Diaspora work 

 is carried on in Germany, Russia (chiefly the 

 Baltic Provinces and Poland), Switzerland, and 

 Palestine. 



The Unity's work in Bohemia is carried on 

 around two centers Pottenstein Landskron, 

 the northeastern district, among the Bohemian 

 speaking population; and Dauba, the northern 

 district, among people speaking German. 



The Church has sustained a mission among 

 lepers for sixty- seven years. It was begun in 

 1822, at the hospital erected by the Cape Col- 

 ony, which remained under the care or partial 

 care of the Moravians till 1867, when the Gov- 

 ernment's chaplain took charge of it In the 

 same year the Moravian missionaries assumed 

 the care of the asylum for lepers that had been 

 established by the Baroness von Keffenbrinck 

 Ascheraden, at Jerusalem, where three agents 

 are now stationed. 



The income for missions among the heathen 

 during 1887 was * 84.015. and the expenditures 

 were $100,966. The sum raised annually at the 

 various stations to ward the support of this work 

 is estimated at about $125,000 ; and including 

 the interest of capitals left for the support of par- 

 ticular missions, Government aid, etc., the act- 

 ual expenditure for the whole mission work 

 reaches a total of about $250,000. The num- 

 ber of brethren and sisters employed in this 

 service from its beginning, in 1732, is about 

 2,300. The missions, which constitute by far 

 the most important division of the Moravian 

 Church work, are conducted in Greenland, 

 Labrador, Alaska, among the North American 

 Indians, in the West Indies, the Mosquito Coast, 

 Surinam, South Africa. Australia, and Central 

 Asia (British Tibet). They are served by 336 

 missionaries, of whom 48 are natives, and 1,613 

 native assistants, and return, besides commu- 

 nicants and members, already enumerated. 223 

 day-schools, with 18,280 pupils, and 98 Sunday- 

 schools, with 14,099 pupils. 



MOROCCO, an empire in Northern Africa. 

 The Sultan is the unrestricted spiritual ruler, 

 having no Ulema to guide him, such as exists 

 in other Mohammedan states, and the absolute 

 head of the state, although, in civil affairs, the 

 predecessors of the present Sultan have usually 

 taken the advice of the Vizier and other min- 

 isters. The reigning Sultan is Muley-IIassan. 

 belonging to the Hachan family. Sherifs of the 

 Tatilali tribe, of the Aliweein branch of the 

 Shereefian family, being the direct descendant, 

 in the thirty-fifth generation, of Ali, uncle of 

 the Prophet, and of Fatima, the Prophet's 

 daughter. He succeeded his father. Sidi-Mo- 

 hammed, in 1873, at the age of forty-two. He 

 holds his court alternately at Fez and Morocco, 



and sometimes resides for a few months at 

 Mequiuez, Marakish, or Rabat. He has an 

 army of 10,000 infantry and 2.4<iO cavalry, 

 which is quartered in the city where he hap- 

 pens to reside. The present Grand Vizier is 

 Mohammed el Arbi ben el Moghtar, v. 

 brother i.s Minister of War. Tin- Vizier for 

 Foreign Affairs is Mohammed el Mofdel 

 rir, while Mohammed ben el Arbi el To.- 

 the minister charged with the foreign rela- 

 tions of the Sultan at Tangier. Muley-II: 

 a more energetic ruler than his ance.-to: - 

 cides all matters of policy without consultation. 



Area and Population. the area of the empire- 

 is estimated at 812,300 square kilometres or 

 260,000 square miles, of which 197. K'O square 

 kilometres consist of mountainous districts and 

 large, fertile plains, 67.700 square kilometres 

 are poorly watered tablelands, and 547,500 

 square kilometres, including the province of 

 Twat. lie within the borders of the Gre;^ 

 hara Desert. The population has been various- 

 ly estimated at from 6,000,000 to 10.000,000, 

 and by Dr. Gerhard Rholfs as low as 2,750,000. 

 Two thirds of the people belong to the Moor- 

 ish or Berber race, while the remainder are 

 Bedouin Arabs, negroes, and Jews, of whom 

 there are 340,000. About' 50,000 of the peo- 

 ple are slaves. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports 

 in 1885, exclusive of specie, was 33,724,000 

 francs, against 21.432,000 francs in 1884; of 

 the exports, 30,015,000 francs, against 19,211,- 

 000 francs. In 1886, the cargoes landed at the 

 ports were valued at 36,418.000 francs, and 

 those taken away at 32,316,000 francs. The 

 imports of cotton and cotton goods in that year 

 were valued at 15.593,000 francs; of - 

 5,793.000 francs; of silver money, 8,158,000 

 francs. The chief exports were beans and peas 

 of the value of 5,465,000 francs ; maize, 4 

 000 francs; olive-oil. 3.855,000 francs; wool, 

 2,756,000 francs; goatskins, 2,648,000 francs; 

 cattle, 2.450,000 francs; almonds, 1,861. nnO 

 francs. The export of silver coin was I 

 000 francs. Of the total imports in 1885 

 Great Britain furnished 21.630.000 francs 

 worth, and the exports to that country were 

 14.582,000 francs in value, while the share of 

 France in the imports was 8.293,000 francs, 

 and in the exports, 6,675,000 francs. The 

 trade in cotton cloths has. till recently, be- 

 longed exclusively to England, but Swiss mus- 

 lins and grenadines are replacing Manchester 

 goods. Belgium supplies iron goods. Germany 

 and Austria cloths, and France loaf-sugar, 

 which is the usual article sent in Morocco as 

 a complimentary present. Chemicals and 

 matches also come from France, and candles 

 and various other manufactures that Great 

 Britain used exclusively to furnish are import- 

 ed in increasing quantities by the Germans. 

 The total number of vessels entered at all ports 

 in 1886 was 1.9S9, of 567.619 tons, of which 

 854, of 2 -V,. 1 1 rt:2 tons were English, and 363, of 

 238,126 tons were French. 



