608 



NEW YORK (STATE). 



termined, stipulating, as the rule requires, that 

 if the principle was found against the defend- 

 ant judgment absolute should be rendered for 

 plaintiff. It was accordingly argued in the 

 Court of Appeals, and the court handed down 

 its decision, unanimously affirming the judg- 

 ment of the General Term, and ordering judg- 

 ment absolute for plaintiff with costs. No 

 opinion was written, that of the justice in the 

 Supreme Court being adopted as fully covering 

 and deciding every point at issue. 



New Cities. In 1888 Hornellsville, Ithaca, and 

 Middletown were incorporated as cities. This 

 makes the total number of cities in the State 

 30. The other 27 are Albany, Amsterdam, 

 Auburn, Binghamton, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Co- 

 hoes, Dunkirk, Elmira, Hudson, Jamestown, 

 Kingston, Lockport, Long Island City, New- 

 burg, New York, Ogdensburg, Oswego, Pough- 

 keepsie, Rochester. Rome, Schenectady, Syra- 

 cuse, Troy, Dtica, Water town, and Yonkers. 



Hornellsville, in Steuben County, secured a 

 charter on March 2, 1888. The city is divided 

 into six wards. The mayor, chamberlain, over- 

 seer of the poor, recorder, sealer, game-con- 

 stable, and three commissioners of excise are 

 to be elected on the general ticket. All other 

 officers are elected on ward tickets. The city 

 contains about 12,000 inhabitants. It is on 

 Caiiisteo river which runs southward into the 

 Alleghany. Hornellsville is at the junction of 

 several railroads. A short railroad to Bath, 

 in the same county, connects that village with 

 Hornellsville and with the Delaware, Lacka- 

 wanna and Western Railroad. There are 

 planing-mills and shoe-factories; but the chief 

 industry is in the shops of the New York, Lake 

 Erie and Western Railroad, and its employes 

 form a large part of the population. There are 

 six churches, five schools, and a free public 

 library. The city is known as a tri-shire town, 

 the remaining public buildings of the county 

 being in the villages of Bath and Corning. 

 Hornellsville is the center of a large agricult- 

 ural interest which is shown in the farmers' 

 clubs and in what are claimed to be the largest 

 county fairs in any rural city of the State. 



Ithaca became a city by an act of the Legis- 

 lature on March 2, 1888. The city is divided 

 into four wards. The mayor, recorder, and 

 two supervisors are the only officars elected on 

 a general ticket. The charter is considered a 

 marvel of brevity and thoroughness, by those 

 who have paid attention to the charters of 

 cities. This city is at the southern end of 

 Cayuga Lake. As a village it was founded 

 in 1796 by Simeon De Witt, who was then 

 surveyor-general of the State of New York. 

 The opening of the Erie Canal and the second 

 railroad built and operated in the State from 

 Ithaca to Owego, connecting the waters of 

 Cayuga Lake with Susquehanna river, gave a 

 rapid growth to the village, and it became an 

 important distributing point. The lower tier 

 of counties in New York and the northern 

 tier in Pennsyslvania brought many of their 



supplies through the Erie Canal, Cayuga Lake, 

 and Ithaca. Binghamton and Elmira were 

 tributaries to Ithaca at that time ; but they 

 have since distanced her, owing to largely im- 

 proved railroad facilities. It was necessary in 

 the early days to reach Ithaca in order to take 

 steamboats on Cayuga Lake to go to Albany or 

 to the West, and a large territory was depend- 

 ent upon Ithaca for cheap and rapid transpor- 

 tation. The turnpike was used by early stages 

 to Catskill, Geneva, and Buffalo. A ship-canal 

 was devised to Lake Ontario ; and the price of 

 property in Ithaca rose very high. But when 

 the Erie Railway was constructed, in 1849, the 

 whole territory southward of Ithaca became 

 tributary to Elmira and Binghamton. The 

 late Ezra Cornell removed to the village in its 

 day of distress, and by his wealth and enter- 

 prise restored much of its former prosperity. 

 The university bearing his name was but a 

 part of the great work that he accomplished. 

 The city has 12,000 inhabitants. The railroad 

 connections are the Delaware, Lackawanna 

 and Western, the Utica, Ithaca and Elmira, 

 and two smaller roads. There are many fac- 

 tories producing clocks, stoves, agricultural 

 implements, steam-engines, organs, and rifles. 

 The city is an important center for the distri- 

 bution of coal from the mines of Pennsylvania. 

 There are 14 churches, 8 schools, a public li- 

 brary, 3 banks, 8 hotels, 2 daily and 4 weekly 

 newspapers. The city is lighted by the electric 

 light and by gas ; and it has a fine system of 

 water-works. 



Middletown became a city on June 9, 1 888. 

 The number of wards is four. The officers 

 elected on the general ticket are the mayor, 

 treasurer, alderman-at-large, recorder, two 

 justices of the peace, two constables, nine 

 members of the board of education, three ex- 

 cise commissioners, five water commissioners, 

 and three assessors. The city lies on Walkill 

 river, nearly seventy miles northwest of New 

 York city. The New Jersey Midland Railroad, 

 the New York, Lake Ontario, and Western, 

 the New York, Lake Erie, and Western, the 

 Susquehanna and Western, and the Middle- 

 town and Crawford Railroads, all center at 

 this point. The population is about 15,000. 

 The city is a large manufacturing center, more 

 especially for nails, files, farming-implements, 

 saws, condensed milk, and iron castings. It is 

 also the center of a large dairy and agricultural 

 interest. It has water-works and gas-works. 

 There are twelve churches and a graded high 

 school, with twelve other public schools. Mid- 

 dletown is the site of the Homoeopathic Asy- 

 lum for the Insane. The buildings have been 

 erected on what is known as the hospital sys- 

 tem of treatment; but new ones will be erected 

 according to the cottage system. 



Political. On May 15 a Democratic State 

 Convention met in New York city and elected 

 delegates to the St. Louis convention, who 

 were instructed to vote for the renomination 

 of President Cleveland. Presidential electors 



