OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. 



641 



ere' institutes through Now York State in 1850, and 

 became State- Institute Instructor, to which office he 

 gave all his time and energy till 1S85. when failing 

 health compelled him to reMgn. Besides the text- 

 books he wrote " Principles and Practice of Teach- 

 which had a large circulation in the United 

 States, and in a translation is now the principal guide 

 01 the native teachers of Japan. 



Judd, David Wright, publisher, born in Lewiston, 

 Niagara County. N. Y.. Sept. 1, ISi*-: died in New 

 York city, Feb'. 6, 1888. He was a son of Ozias Judd, 

 a well-known advocate of anti-slavery measures, who 

 allowed his enthusiasm such wide scope that he emi- 

 grated to Kansas, though well advanced in years, to 

 take part in the agitation that disturbed that region 

 in 1S55-'60. David was graduated at Williams Col- 

 lege in 1860. At the beginning of the civil war he 

 accompanied the Twenty-second Regiment of New- 

 York Volunteers to the field as press correspondent, 

 and remained with the army till 18*54. when he joined 

 the editorial staff of the New York " Commercial Ad- 

 vertiser." During his service in the field he was 

 taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry and at Chancellors- 

 ville, but escaped both times, and was commissioned 

 captain in the First New York Cavalry. He re- 

 mained with the li Commercial Advertiser" about 

 seven vears, then became editor and part proprietor 

 of " llearth and Home," and in 1883 was elected 

 president of the Orange Judd Company and took 

 charge of the editorial and business departments of 

 the "American Agriculturist.'' In 1671 he was 

 elected a member of the State Legislature from Rich- 

 mond County iStateu Island'), served on the Com- 

 mittees on Cities (chairman >. Commerce and Naviga- 

 tion, Libraries and Apportionment, and introduced 

 the " Judd Jury Bill " and the bill for the establish- 

 ment of free libraries. He was appointed a quaran- 

 tine commissioner in 1873, and was reappointed three 

 times. He was a director of the National Rifle Asso- 

 ciation, to which he gave a costly prize for annual 

 competition, and an active member of the Union 

 League and New York Republican Clubs. 



Kelly, William, inventor, born in Pittsburg. Pa., 

 ill; died in Louisvilllc. Ky.. Feb. 11, 

 1888. When quite young he built a tin steam engine 

 and boiler. When' he was eighteen he made a pro- 

 pelling water-wheel and. four years later, a rotary 

 steam- engine. He engaged in "the commis.-ion and 

 transportation business in Pittsburg. and owned in- 

 terests in steamboat*. In 1845 his warehouse was 

 burned, and he removed to Kentucky. He purchased 

 the Eddyville Iron Works on Cumberland river, in 

 Lyon County, and with his brother. John F. Kelly. 

 began the manufacture of iron. The plant included 

 the Suwanee furnace and the Union forge. At the 

 former about half of the metal produced was converted 

 into large iron sugar-kettles, made in cast-iron elastic 

 molds of his own invention, which he sold to the 

 sugar - planters of Louisiana and Cuba, while the 

 remainder of the metal was worked into charcoal 

 blooms by the knobbling process. The latter was 

 held in high reputation, and were almost entirely 

 used for making boiler-plates. He began experi- 

 menting in 1S47 in the direction of decarbonizing the 

 iron by the introduction of a current of air. Concern- 

 ing this, he wrote : ' I conceived the idea that, alter 

 the metal was melted, the use of fuel would be un- 

 necessary that the heat generated by the union of 

 the oxygen of the air with the carbon of the metal 

 would be sufficient to accomplish the refining and 

 decarbonizing of the iron." After devi>ing several 

 plans tor testing this idea, he began experimenting 

 with a small bla^t-furnace having a hearth and bosh 

 similar to the ordinary type. Into this he introduced 

 two tuyeres, one above the other, the upper one for 

 the purpose of melting the stock, while the lower one, 

 fixed near the bottom of the hearth, was intended to 

 conduct the air into the hearth. He continued these 

 experiments until 1851, when, on the completion of a 

 new blast-furnace, he tried various improvements 

 TOL. xxvni. 11 A 



with considerable success. The melting and decar- 

 bonizing departments were separated, so that the 

 crude metal as it came from the blast-furnace was 

 run into a converter, which was provided with three 

 tuyeres. A powerful blast of air was then turned on 

 through the tuveres and the fluid metal run into t he- 

 converter, which immediately began to boil violently. 

 The blast was allowed to act on the metal for fifteen 

 or twenty minutes, until the carbon of the metal was 

 oxidized, when the converter was tapjcd and the 

 metal run out into molds. Zerah Colburn, in his 

 history of the Bessemer process of refining iron. 

 u The first experiments in the conversion of melted 

 cast-iron into malleable steel, by blowing air in jets 

 through the ma-<s in fusion, appear to have been made 

 by William Kelly, an iron-master at the Suwanee tur- 

 Lyon County, Kentucky, United States." Tl.is 

 method. "long known as " Kelly's air-boiling process," 

 was used for the manufacture of boiler-plates before 

 Sir Henry Bessemer was known. When Bessemer 

 brought out his process in England, application was 

 at once made by Mr. Kelly for a patent in the United 

 States, and after considerable delay, during which 

 time the English applicant appeared in the Patent- 

 Office, the commissioner decided that Mr. Kelly was 

 entitled to the patent, which he at once issued to 

 him. In 1863 a syndicate of iron-masters organized 

 tho Kelly Process "Company, for the purpose of con- 

 trolling the Kellv patents. 'and erected experimental 

 works at Wyandottc, Mich., where steel was first 

 made under these patents in the United States months 

 before the similar production under Bessemer's pat- 

 ents at Troy by Alexander L. Holley. The interests 

 of the several patentees were consolidated in 1866 

 under the title of the Pneumatic Steel Association. 

 In 1S71 application was made for the renewal of the 

 Bessemer. Musl:et. and Kelly patents, and the claims 

 of the two former were rejected, while a renewal of 

 seven years was granted to Mr. Kelly. 



Kelso, James J.~, police officer, born in New York 

 city. Oct. 51. 1-38; died there. N J8. He 



was graduated at the College of the City of New York. 

 then held a mercantile clerkship a short time, and in 

 1858 wa* appointed clerk in the office of the chief 

 clerk of the New York Police Department. In Janu- 

 ary. IMJI, he was made a patrolmen ard detailed to 

 the detective squad, and during the following eight 

 years made a wide-spread reputation by his detective 

 skill and personal bravery. In 1869 he was pro- 

 moted sergeant on March 29, captain on October 14, 

 and chief of detectives on December 23. On July 

 28, 1870. the mysterious and still unexplained murder 

 of Benjamin Nathan, a wealthy and highly esteemed 

 Jewish citizen, occurred. The skill ot the detectives 

 was apparently baffled, end John Jourdan, Superin- 

 tendent of Police, died three months after the mur- 

 der from worry over the inability of the police au- 

 thorities to la'sten the crime upon the perpetrator. 

 On October 17 following Captain Kelso was appointed 

 superintendent to fill the vacancy. On the reorganiza- 

 tion of the police department iu'lS73, he was removed 

 from command by the new board of commissioners. 

 He then engaged in the coal business till 1^5. when 

 he was appointed collector of city revenue and super- 

 intendent of markets. 



Kennedy, Hugh, physician, born in PeltVt. Ireland, 

 in 1S-10: died in Louisville. Ky.. May 19. 1888. He 

 engaged in ttie drug business in New Orleans in 1833, 

 and was an active worker during the severe epidemic 

 of cholera mixed with eases of yellow fever of that 

 year. He conducted the dr; for twenty 



y*ars, nnd in the mean time became proprietor of the 

 N'-<v Delta." a Democratic organ that- opposed the 

 Slidell wing of the party. During IS'io and the early 

 part of 1861 the paper was strongly anti-seces-K>n. 

 In 1S64 he was appointed by the military and civil 

 authority Mayor of New Orleans, but was afterward 

 removed bv Gen. Banks and replaced by Col. Samuel 

 Quiney. of Boston. An nppcal' to President Johnson 

 led to' the removal of Col. Quiney and the rei: 



