OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



661 



and filled in rapid succession the posts ot 



-Med 

 rs later he went t" Constantinople 



:t->ador. where he so skillfully asserted the 



D or' Italy iu the complicated Ea-tern qu 



that from that time forth lie was the chief diplomatic 



authority in Italy in Oriental affairs. When the cen- 



jravity in European diplomacy shifted in the 



u of Constantinople, Carioli,"in 1*78, called 



Corti ii;t his Cabinet as Minister or' FortLm Affairs, 



and. \viien the Congress of Berlin was convened, 



while retaining his post in the Cabinet, he went as the 



Italian representative. Soon after the work of the 



la finished he resigned on account of a 



ruini.-t>:rk<l crisis, having been severely attacked by 



Crispi and others of the" Opposition, because he had 



secured no territorial advantage for Italy, and went 



to London as ambassador, in which post he remained 



until he was removed by the Crispi ministry. He was 



a member of the Italian Senate. 



Crampton, Thomas Bnssell, an English engineer, born 

 iu Broaustairs, Kent, in 1816; died in April. 

 After receiving a liberal education be became the 



gipil of an eminent mechanical engineer in London, 

 e designed the first locomotive for the Great West- 

 ern Railway, and between 1842 and 1847 he perfected 

 the type of locomotive that bears his name, in which 

 a k>n_' boiler, outside cvlinders, and a low center of 

 gravity arc the essential features. In 1?51 his loco- 

 motives won for him the grand medal in the Great 

 Exhibition. He Lid the first submarine cable be- 

 tween Dover and Calais in 1*51. 



Debray, Jules Henri, French chemist, born in France, 

 July -'j. Ib27 ; died in Paris, Julv 19, 1888. He was 

 educated in Paris, and received the degree of Doctor 

 of Scienco in lN>5. Subsequently he was called to 

 the chair of Chemistry at the Charlemagne Lyceum, 

 and was assistant at the Normal School. In 1868 he 

 was advanced to the rank of Maitre de Conferences. 

 He was also assay er at the testing department of the 

 mint. In 1877 he' was chosen a member of the French 

 Academy of Sciences, and was vice-president of the 

 Society 'of Encouragement for Rational Industry. 

 Prof. Debray was a member of the Higher Council of 

 Public Instruction, and of the Consulting Committee 

 of Arts and Manufactures. The greater part of his 

 orisinal work was performed in association with 

 Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, notably, the investiga- 

 tion of the properties of the rarer platinum metals, 

 such as osmium and iridium, which at that time were 

 but little known, also in the difficult construction ot 

 the standard metre of platinum alloyed with iridium, 

 adopted by the International Metric Commission ; and 

 in the de'velopment of Sainte-Claire Deville's ideas 

 on dissociation. His publications include, besides 

 his thesis for the doctorate on " Glucinum and its 

 Compounds" C18.V> i. !>- Principales Sources de 

 Lumiere" (1863); "Metallur^ie du Platiue et des 

 Metaux qui I'Aooompagnent ' . ls53); and 



" Cours Ele'mentaire de Chemie " 



Delins, Nikolaus, a German Shakespearian commen- 

 tator, born in Bremen, Oct. 19, 1813; died in Berlin, 

 Nov. IS, 1*88. He studied at Bonn and Berlin, ac- 

 quired a name as a scholar in Sanskrit and in the 

 Provencal and English languages and literature, and 

 was professor of those subjects at Bonn from 1855 

 until nis death. Besides works on the Romance lit- 

 erature, he published " The Shakespeare Myth " 

 (1851 1 : an edition of Shakespeare's " Wor'.. 

 vols., 1854-'61); a volume on the English theatre in 

 Shakespeare's time (1853); and a "Shakespeare 

 Lexicon'' <l*. r >4). 



Devon, William Reginald Courtenay, Earl of, an Eng- 

 lish nobleman, born April 14, 1807 : died at Powder- 

 barn Castle, near Exeter. Nov. 18, 1888. He was 

 graduated at Oxford i: red the House of 



Commons in 1841 as a Conservative, became a Pcelite, 

 and was secretary to th Poor Law Board from 1852 



till 1*59. Subsequently rejoining the Conservatives, 

 he entered Lord Derby's Cabinet in July, 1866, as 

 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, exchanging 

 that office in May. l->'>7. for that of prcMdent of the 

 Poor Law Board, which he held until December, 

 1868. He wa.- a promoter of railroad enterprises in 

 Devonshire and in Ireland, and was a supporter of 

 religious, educational, and philanthropic societies. 



Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings, Bart., an English poet, 

 born in Yorkshire. Aug. 22. 1-.10; died in London, 

 June 8, 1883. He was graduated with honor at Ox- 

 ford in 1832. was called to the bar shortly afterward, 

 succeeded to a baronetcy in 1839. and was appointed 

 receiver-general of customs in 1^40. He was elect- 

 ed Pro.'e>sor of Poetry at Oxford in 18G7, and : 



-elected. He published ballads t.nd other po- 

 etical pieces, and in 1886 a voluae of " Reminiscences 

 and Opinions." 



Dnclerc, Charles Theodore Engine, a French statesman, 

 born in Bagneres-de-Bigorre, Nov. [<. 1*12: died in 

 July, 1888. He was a prominent Republican in 1848. 

 a frequent speaker in the Constituent Assembly, ana 

 fora time Minister of Finance. During the time of 

 the empire he devoted himself to private business. 

 He was a member of the National A.-seinbly that was 

 summoned to make peace with Germany, was made 

 President of the Republican Left, was regarded as an 

 authority on financial questions, was elected V ice- 

 President of the Chamber, and in 1875 was chosen a 

 Senator lor life, and was looked upon in the Senate as 

 a leader of the Moderate Left. In 1882, after M. de 

 Freycinet's defeat, on the proposal of a joint expedi- 

 tion to Egypt with England. M. Grevy invited him, 

 alter the other Republican leaders ha'd declined, to 

 form a working ministry, which he successfully ac- 

 complished by inducing several Gambcttists to accept 

 portfolios. 



Dnncan, Francis, a British artillery officer, born in 

 Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1835 ; died in London, Nov. 

 16, 1888. He was graduated at the University of 

 Aberdeen, passed the artillery examination at the 

 head of all competitors, rose rapidly in the army, and 

 after holding several staff appointments was selected 

 by Sir Evelyn Wood, hi 1883, to reorganize the 

 E'gyptian artillery. He commanded the outpost nt 

 ^ ady Haifa in 1884-'85. and rendered important serv- 

 ices in caring for the refugees that Gen. Gordon sent 

 down the Nile from Khartoum. Col. Duncan was a 

 Fellow of the Geological and other learned societies, 

 author of " The English in Spain " and " History of 

 the Royal Artillery," a founder of the St. John's 

 Amtu'ance Association, and a prime mover in the 

 establishment of coffee-palaces in garrison towns. He 

 was elected to Parliament as a Conservative after his 

 return from Egypt in 1885. 



Eassie, William, an English sanitarian, born in 

 Lochee, ForfarsLire. Scotland, in 1832: died in Booth 

 Hampstead, England, Aug. 16, 1888. He was a civil 

 engineer by training, was one of the designers of the 

 Renkioi Ho.-pital during the Crimean War, and made 

 the first excavations on the site of Troy after the con- 

 clusion of hostilities. He was one ot the founders of 

 the Sanitary Institute of Great Britain, and in 1874 of 

 the Cremation Society, the " Transactions " of which 

 he edited. He published " Healthy Houses," a work 

 that crave an impetus to sanitary reform, and subse- 

 quently a maturer work on " Sanitary Arrangements 

 for Dwellings." In 1874 he published "' Cremation 

 of the Dead," a standard work on the subject. 



fitex, Antoine, a French sculptor, born in Paris 

 March 20, 180*: died there. July 8. 1888. He be- 

 longed to a family of artists, and' in 1328 gained the 

 prize of Rome with his "Hyacinth slain by Apollo." 

 He exhibited the colossal irroup of " Cain " in 1833. 

 The power and originality displayed in this work 

 caused M. Thiers to commission the sculptor to exe- 

 cute the groups representing " 1814" and 1815" on 

 the Arc de P Stoile. He would not exhibit again at 

 the Salon, because some of his works were rejected, 

 until 1841, when he appeared with the " Tomb of 



