668 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



on his return to St. Petersburg a volume of "Notes 

 on the Ussuri." In 1870-'73 ho traveled in western 

 China, and in 1876 lett Kussia for the purpose of de- 

 termining the position of Lob Nor. He was absent a 

 year, during which he explored the Tarim valley, dis- 

 covered the true Lob ISorj and reached the Altyu 

 Tagh mountains. In April, 1879, he undertook" a 

 journey to Tibet, but was deserted by his guides after 

 Laving penetrated to the Tsaidam steppe and the re- 

 gion of the Koko Nor, and made his way back amid 

 extreme perils and hardships. In 1885 lie made an- 

 other unsuccessful attempt to reach Lhassa^ and on 

 his return traversed Chinese Turkistan. W hen the 

 British began their war against the Tibetans in Sik- 

 kirn, Gen. Prjcvalsky was placed at the head of a 

 strong expedition, and ordered to reach Lhassa at all 

 hazards. Already weakened by years ot hardship, he 

 was unable to endure the fatigues and exposure of 

 another journey, and died on the route to Vernqje, 

 wliere he intended to equip his party. 



Questel, Charles Augusts, a French architect, born in 

 Paris, Sept. 18, 1807 ; died Feb. 15, 1883. He received 

 his artistic training at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. His 

 first great work was the cathedral at Nimes, which 

 was begun in 1838 and completed in 1849. He de- 

 signed an elaborate fountain in the same city. The 

 library and museum at Grenoble were built after his 

 plans. He was the architect of the Historical Monu- 

 ments Commission who directed the restorations of 

 the amphitheatre at Aries and the Pont du Gard. He 

 was architect to the palaces of Versailles and Trianon 

 under the Empire, served as a member of the Council 

 on Public Buildings, and was a professor in the l5cole 

 des Beaux Arts. 



Richthofen, Baron Ferdinand von, a German geogra- 

 pher, born in Karlsruhe in May, 1833 ; died May 8, 

 1888. He studied at Breslau and Berlin, was attached 

 for some years to the Geological Survey of Austria, 

 and in 1860 accompanied Count Eulenberg's Prussian 

 expedition to Eastern Asia as geologist, visiting For- 

 mosa, the Philippine Islands, Java, Celebes, Siam, 

 and Indo-China. He then crossed the Pacific, and 

 traveled through California and the Sierra Nevada. 

 In August, 1868, he returned to China, which he trav- 

 ersed in various directions during the next four 

 years, studying the orography and geology of the 

 country, and also its productions and commercial pos- 

 sibilities. Returning to Germany after twelve years 

 of absence, he spent the remainder of his life in work- 

 ing out the results of his researches in China. He 

 was appointed Professor of Geography at Bonn in 1879, 

 and in 1883 was transferred to Leipsic, which he 

 quitted in 1886 to accept the same chair at Berlin. Of 

 his great work on " China " three volumes have been 

 issued. His atlas, in which he reconstructed the map 

 of China from his own observations and from the best 

 native information, is not completed. 



Bose, Sir John, a British financier, born in Aber- 

 dccnshire, Scotland, in 1820 ; died in Caithness-shire, 

 Aug. 26, 18S8. He emigrated to Canada at the age of 

 sixteen, served as a volunteer during the rebellion, 

 studied law, and in 1842 was admitted to the bar of 

 Lower Canada. He became Solicitor-General in 1857, 

 and entered Parliament as a member for Montreal. 

 In 1859 he was Minister of Public Works. He took 

 part in the Canadian conference in London as the rep- 

 resentative of the Protestants of Lower Canada, and 

 assisted in framing the act of federation. In the Gov- 

 ernment of the new Dominion he was appointed Min- 

 ister of Finance, and during the three years that he 

 held the office he prepared measures providing for the 

 defense of the Dominion and assimilating the fiscal 

 laws. He was intrusted with several diplomatic mis- 

 sions to settle difficulties that arose with the United 

 States between 1860 and 1870 on the Oregon boundary 

 question, reciprocity, the fisheries, copyright, and ex- 

 tradition. In 1870 "he resigned his post in the minis- 

 try, and went to England to engage in commercial 

 business. He was at once sent to \V ashington by the 

 English Government on a confidential mission in con- 



nection with the "Alabama" and fishery disputes, and 

 assisted in negotiating the Washington Treaty, re- 

 ceiving the honor of a baronetcy for his services. He 

 has since served on several commissions dealing with 

 affairs relating to Briti.-h America. On his return to 

 England he promoted Canadian railroad enterprises, 

 became a partner in the banking firm of Morton, 

 Rose, & Co., and when he left it connected himself 

 with the London and Westminster Bank enterprise 

 and with an insurance company. He died suddenly 

 while hunting deer. 



Rousseau, Emile, French chemist, born in Clamency, 

 France, April 4, 1815; died in Paris, Feb. 4, 1888. 

 lie came to Paris when he was twenty-three years 

 old. and became assistant to Mateo Jose Bonaventura 

 Orfila, of the medical faculty. Subsequently he as- 

 sisted Jean Baptiste Dumas, and also taught in sev- 

 eral of the public colleges. In 1843 he resigned his 

 appointments and entered upon the manufacture of 

 chemical products. At his laboratory, and with his 

 aid, Henri Sainte-Clair Deville and Jules Henri De- 

 bray developed the industrial production of alumin- 

 ium. He made investigations on the use of pyrites 

 for tiie manufacture of sulphuric acid, introduced a 

 new method for the production of charcoal, and de- 

 vised the sugar process known hy his name. 



Eutland, Charles Cecil John Manners, Duke of, born 

 May 16, 1815 : died at Belvoir Castle, March 4, 1888. 

 He was elected to Parliament in 1837, after receiving 

 his education at Cambridge, and represented Stam- 

 ford for fifteen years. He became one of the princi- 

 pal members of the Protectionist party, and in Feb- 

 ruary, 1848, was chosen to succeed Lord George Ben- 

 tinck as its leader. He only held the place'till the 

 former leader was willing to resume it, and when 

 Lord George Bentinck died in September, 1848, the 

 Marquis of Granby was unwilling to take on himself 

 again the onerous duties, which Mr. Disraeli then 

 assumed. From 1852 till he succeeded to the duke- 

 dom in 1857, Lord Grauby represented North Leices- 

 tershire. He had no sympathy with the progressive 

 Toryism of the Young England party, and did not 

 scruple to criticise the Government when Mr. Disraeli 

 and his own brother, Lord John Manners^ were in 

 office. He clung to the principle of protection when 

 Lord Derby and Disraeli abandoned it, and even to 

 the end of his life he lost no opportunity to advocate 

 it, more than once drawing upon himself the sarcastic 

 rebukes of Lord Beacohsfleld. The Duke of Rutland 

 was a courageous defender also of the most extreme 

 and unpopular Conservative views regarding land, 

 the ballot, and all other subjects. His successor in 

 the title is Lord John Manners, Chancellor of the 

 Duchy of Lancaster in Lord Salisbury's Cabinet. 



Salomon, Louis E. F., ex-President o* Ilayti, born in 

 1815; died in Paris, Oct. 19, 1888. He was of pure 

 negro bloodj and long occupied_ a prominent place in 

 Haytian politics. The revolution of 1879 resulted in 

 his election to the presidency for seven years, at the 

 end of which he was re-elected ; but the revolution of 

 August, 1888, drove him into exile. 



Sannientp, Domingo F., an Argentine statesman, born 

 in 1811 ; died in Asuncion, Nov. 2, 1888. He was first 

 director of a school in the province of San Luis, went 

 to Chili in 1831, returned in 1836 and founded a fe- 

 male school at San Juan, but settled in Chili in 1840, 

 where he greatly prompted education, publishing 

 many school-books, editing educational periodicals, 

 and founding schools and colleges, one of these being 

 the normal school at Santiago. He also established a 

 daily newspaper, the first one published in Santiago. 

 In 1845 the Chilian Government sent him to the 

 United States and Europe to study the common-school 

 systems of those countries, and on his return he pub- 

 lished a work on " Popular Education." Returning 

 to the Argentine Republic, he became Minister of the 

 Interior, then colonel commanding the military forces, 

 afterward governor of the province of San Juan, and 

 from that 'post was transferred to the Ministry of 

 Public Instruction. In 1864-'68 he was Minister to 



