ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 



717 



Tincker's well-known novel "Grapes and 

 Thorns." The death of the Rev. John J.Riordan, 

 the rector of the Irish Emigrants' Mission at 

 Castle Garden, a great loss to the poor, was 

 followed by that of Dom Bosco in Italy, who 

 died on March 28, and that of Father Drum- 

 goole, iu New York both apostles of poor 

 boys of the streets. On February 13, the 

 Most Rev. John B. Lamy, the first Bishop of 

 Santa Fe, departed this life ; he had resigned 

 his see in 1885 ; March 9, Cardinal Czacki 

 died; March 31, Cardinal Martinelli ; April 

 14, the Most. Rev. Joseph Sadoc Alemany, O. 

 P., first Archbishop of San Francisco, who 

 had resigned his see to spend his last days with 

 the Brothers of his Orders in Valencia, Spain ; 

 May 10, Archbishop Lynch, of Toronto; and 

 on June 29, the Rev. F'rancis X. Weninger, S. 

 J., famous as a preacher of missions. 



The death of the Very Rev. I. T. Hecker, 

 C. S. P., took place on December 20. Father 

 Hecker, born in 1819 and received into the 

 Church in 1845, had long been a prominent 

 figure in the annals of the Catholic Church. 

 The conversion of Father Hecker, who had 

 been seeking in various religious organizations 

 the peace he desired, introduced a new element 

 into the Church in this country. He saw the 

 necessity of making, as he himself expressed 

 it, the synthesis between the Catholic Church 

 and the American Republic more apparent. 

 He had been a member of the Brook Farm 

 Community, he had studied for the Protest- 

 ant Episcopal ministry, he had paused awhile 

 in Congregationalism. Entering the Catholic 

 Church, he brought with him a great expe- 

 rience, gained entirely from contact with 

 American social lite. He became a Kedemp- 

 torist in Belgium. As one of this famous 

 religious congregation, which in this country 

 devotes itself to the preaching of missions, he 

 performed his priestly duties scrupulously for 

 several years. It then occurred to him that 

 a similar association, composed of American 

 priests, might be very useful in the United 

 States. He went to Rome and secured the 

 approbation of the Pope for his project. The 

 Congregation of St. Paul (C. S. P.) was founded 

 and reached a class of Catholics and searching 

 non- Catholics more effectually than any other 

 organization within the Church. Father Heck- 

 er's " Aspirations of Nature " and " Questions 

 of the Soul," are in every complete religious 

 library. He founded " The Catholic World," 

 now conducted by the Rev. Walter Elliott, and 

 justly regarded a foremost exposition of Cath- 

 olic thought. He was succeeded by the Very 

 Rev. Augustine Hewit, C. S. P., the present 

 Superior of the Congregation. 



On May 24. the corner-stone of the Divinity 

 Building, near Washington, D. C., was laid by 

 Cardinal Gibbons. The sermon was delivered 

 by the Right Rev. J. Lancaster Spalding, 

 Bishop of Peoria. A gold medal sent by the 

 Pope was presented to Miss Mary G. Caldwell, 

 whose generous contribution has made the 



university possible. Among those present were 

 the Misses Drexel, who had founded a chair 

 of Divinity. The Right Rev. Bishop Keane, 

 having resigned the see of Richmond, was made 

 Titular Bishop of Jasso and rector of the new 

 university. Having formulated the statutes he 

 departed for Rome to consult the Holy Father 

 further on the affairs of the great school. 



The University of Notre Dame, Indiana, 

 celebrated on Aug. 15, 1888, the fiftieth anni- 

 versary of the ordination of the Very Rev. 

 Edward Sorin, its founder, to the priesthood. 

 The Very 'Rev. E. Sorin is the founder of the 

 university and the Superior - General of the 

 Congregation of the Holy Cross. His Eminence 

 Cardinal Gibbons, several archbishops, many 

 priests, and a great assemblage of other distin- 

 guished gentlemen visited Notre Dame on this 

 occasion. The Very Rev. Father Sorin was 

 born in France, Feb. 6, 1814 ; he came to this 

 country in 1844. Notre Dame did not exist 

 then ; Indians lived in the wilderness of wood 

 and prairie which then occupied its site ; now 

 magnificent buildings containing over five 

 hundred students give the place the appearance 

 of a large and handsome university town. 



Another important celebration occurred on 

 September 20, in honor of the twenty-fifth an- 

 niversary of the ordination of the Most Rev. 

 Archbishop Corrigan. The ceremony, at which 

 were present all the priests of his diocese not 

 on duty and an immense congregation, was one 

 of the most imposing ever held within the ca- 

 thedral. The principal episcopal sees filled dur- 

 ing the year were that of New Orleans by the 

 Most Rev. Francis Janssens ; that of Belleville, 

 111. (newly created) ; and that of Alton, 111., filled 

 by the Right Rev. John Janssen and the Right 

 Rev. James P. Ryan. ; Vancouver Island by 

 the Rev. John N. Lemmens, succeeding Arch- 

 bishop Seghers ; Detroit by the Rev. Dr. John 

 S. Foley, who succeeded Bishop Borgess, re- 

 signed. The Right Rev. Leo Haid. O. S. B., 

 was consecrated Vicar Apostolic of North Caro- 

 lina, and Rev. Andrea Hintenbach, O. S. B., 

 made Archabbot of St. Vincents, in Westmore- 

 land County, Pa. 



At Rome, in March, 1888, the Pope made a 

 vigorous speech to the cardinals on the neces- 

 sity of his temporal independence and a pro- 

 nouncement on the attitude of the Church to- 

 ward the Knights of Labor, whose association 

 is not condemned, provided their statutes con- 

 tain nothing communistic or tending to oppose 

 the right of holding property. In Prussia a law 

 was passed restoring to a large number of re- 

 ligious orders the rights abrogated by the Kult- 

 urkampf. At Baden, the Chambers refused to 

 admit the excluded religious congregations. 



At Rome, in May, the Pope received a great 

 crowd of Spanish Catholics headed by Mgr. 

 Catala. Arrangements were made with Prus- 

 sia on the question of the veto the Govern- 

 ment agreeing not to oppose for political rea- 

 sons a nomination of a bishop by the Pope. 

 The new Italian penal laws were protested 



