SAMOA. 



SAN'DS, HENRY BERTON. 735 





campment, on account of alleged violations of 

 German neutral territory and depredations on 

 the plantations, which Mataafa denied, saying 

 that lie would not stop fighting nor forego the 

 advantage that he had gained, and only desired 

 foreigners to leave the Samoans to settle the 

 war for themselves. The second day after this 

 the three consuls held a meeting, at which 

 Vice-Consul Blacklock proposed that the three 

 consuls should assume the government jointly, 

 until they received definite instructions from 

 their Governments. The British consul said 

 that the only peaceable solution was to deprive 

 Tarnasese and Brandeis of all power; hut Dr. 

 Knappe replied that he must continue to recog- 

 nize Tamasese. On the next day, Nov. 16, the 

 Brkish consul issued a proclamation, assuming 

 jurisdiction over British subjects, and direct- 

 ing them to pay taxes to him in trust for the 

 Samoan Government, whenever it should he 

 properly established. 



On Nov. 19 the Monono and Savaii men 

 of Mataafa's army made an attack by water 

 on Saluafafa in thirty-eight canoes and three of 

 the Samoan naval vessels, which consist simply 

 of two large canoes lashed together, holding a 

 stockade, on which small ancient cannon are 

 mounted. Two other ports were taken. The 

 German gunboat "Eber" and the "Nipsic," 

 which had come to relieve the "Adams," an- 

 chored off Saluafata. The German authorities 

 warned Mataafa to keep away from German 

 ground. They obtained an agreement from 

 him to this effect, but he renounced it when 

 he learned that international law imposed no 

 such obligation, ascertaining that such was the- 

 view of the American and British consuls, and 

 made his military dispositions without regard 

 to the ownership of the soil. 



On the arrival of the " Olga " the Germans 

 decided to make an attempt to disarm the na- 

 tives. Marines werelanded from the "Olga" on 

 Dec. 17 and 18. An American newspaper cor- 

 respondent, John C. Klein, acted as military 

 adviser to Mataafa. The Samoans fired at the 

 German boats, but a landing was made, and 

 the party already on shore cut their way 

 through the natives and joined the others at 

 Bailele. The Germans, one hundred and fifty 

 in number, took their position in the houses on 

 the plantation and held their own against thou- 

 sands of natives for two hours, at the end of 

 which they were re-enforced by a detachment 

 from the " Eber." The Germans then advanced 

 and drove the Samoans before them, burning 

 their villages. Several hundred natives were 

 killed, while the German losses were fifteen 

 killed and thirty-seven wounded. The Ger- 

 mans bombarded and destroyed eighteen vil- 

 lages. 



After these events the German authorities 

 proclaimed martial law. and assumed complete 

 authority in Apia. All vessels were searched, 

 American goods were not allowed to land un- 

 less sent to German warehouses for examina- 

 tion, the English newspaper was suppressed, 



the confiscation of all fire-arms was ordered, 

 house- u vre s. arched, and several English and 

 American residents were roughly handled. 

 Capt. Mullan, of the " Nipsic," received Klein 

 on board, and refused to give him up to be tried 

 before a military tribunal o the demand of 

 Capt. Fritze, the German naval commander. 

 These events led to fresh correspondence be- 

 tween the Governments of Germany and the 

 United States. The firmness of the latter 

 caused the Berlin authorities to check the high- 

 handed proceedings, which could only lead to 

 German annexation. Consul Knappe and Vice- 

 Consul Brandeis were recalled, while the State 

 Department at Washington ordered Consul 

 Sewall not to return to Samoa. At the pro- 

 posal of Prince Bismarck it was decided to re- 

 open in Berlin the conference that was sus- 

 pended at Washington on July 26. 1887. 



SA>DS, HE>RY BERTON, surgeon, born in New 

 York city, Sept. 27, 1830 ; died there, Nov. 1 8, 

 1888. He was graduated at the College of 

 Physicians and Surgeons in 1856, and then 

 studied abroad. On his return he became 

 demonstrator of anatomy in that college until 



HENRY BERTON SANDS. 



1866, and in 1869 he was called to the chair of 

 Anatomy, which he held for ten years, when 

 he accepted that of the Practice of Surgery, 

 which he filled until his death. Dr. Sands had 

 been connected with various hospitals as con- 

 sulting and attending surgeon, but had grad- 

 ually withdrawn from such relations to de- 

 vote his entire time to private practice. From 

 I860 till 1870 he was in partnership with Dr. 

 Willard Parker. He was a member of many 

 medical societies, including the New \ork 

 Academy of Medicine, and in 1883 was chosen 

 a corresponding member of the Society of Snr- 

 geryof Paris. "In 1866-'67 he was President 

 of the New York County Patholosical Society, 

 in 1874-'76 of the County Medical Society. 

 and in 1883 of the New York County Surgical 

 Society. For many years he had been recog- 



