SCHOFIELD, JOHN McALLISTER. 



737 





several dramas and poems, planned historical 

 works, and painted pictures. Subsequently he 

 held editorial appointments on the Xew York 

 "Citizen " and on newspapers in New Orleans 

 and Washington, besides writing regularly fur 

 the " Democratic Review" and the ' Ameri- 

 can Review.'' While in Washington he be- 

 came editor-in-chief of Stephen A. Douglas's 

 political organ "The States," and afterward its 

 proprietor. When the civil war broke out he 

 ; ut editor of the New York ' Irish 

 -." but he resigned his appointment, aided 

 Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher in organizing 

 the famous Irish brigade, and served in the 

 war as his aide, though on the roll of the 

 Sixty-ninth New York Regiment. He first 

 became connected with Irish politics in the 

 United States in 1868, when he was chosen 

 head center of the Fenian Brotherhood, and 

 through the solicitations of John O'Mahony, 

 his friend and the founder of the order, reluct- 

 antly accepted the office. He applied himself 

 with vigor to the reconciliation of the antago- 

 nistic factions within the order, and, though a 

 man of great popularity and influence in Irish 

 :md Roman Catholic circles, was unsuccessful. 

 During the presidential canvass of 1864 he had 

 rendered tue Republican party much service as 

 an orator, and on the conclusion of peace his 

 friends urged upon President Johnson the pro- 

 priety of appointing him to a foreign office, and 

 the President tendered him the United States 

 consulship at Leeds, England. He felt deeply 

 grieved at this action, because he was widely 

 known as an expatriated man, and was convinced 

 that the British Government would never recog- 

 nize him officially. Still, believing he might be 

 of *ome service to the Fenian prisoners con- 

 fined in England, he went to Paris, and there, 

 through the aid of Gen. John A. Dix, the 

 American minister to France, began negotia- 

 tions with the British Government which re- 

 sulted in the release of some of the prisoners. 

 Returning to Xew York city, he engaged in 

 literary work, bought a summer home, " Lau- 

 relside," at Spragueville, Pa., and made his 

 winter quarters in Fordhara. X. Y. He was an 

 accomplished scholar, and as an orator and lect- 

 urer was in great demand with Roman Catho- 

 lic colleges and societies. St. John's College, 

 Fordham, X. Y., gave him the degree of LL. D. 

 in 1875. His published works include ''Lays 

 of the Fatherland " (1850) : " Ninety-eight and 

 Forty-eight; the Modern Revolutionary His- 

 tory and Literature of Ireland" (1856); "Our 

 Living Representative Men '' (1860) ; " Faith 

 and Fancy." poems (1863 1; "Campaign Life 

 of Andrew Johnson " (1864 1 : " Life and Pub- 

 lic Services of Andrew Johnson'' (1868); 

 "Fenian Heroes and Martyrs" (1868); "Po- 

 ems ; Lyrical. Dramatic, and Romantic '' 

 (1870) : and ' Picturesque Ireland " (1878-'83). 

 SCHOFIELD. JOH\ MriLLISTER, an American 

 soldier, born in Chautauqua County, X. Y.. 

 Sept. -29. 1831. He was graduated" at W\-t 

 Point Military Academy in 1853, Philip H. 

 VOL. xxvin. 17 A 



Sheridan, James B. McPherson, and John B. 

 Hood, being among his <-la->mutes. McPher- 

 son was at the head of the da>>. Schofield 

 was Xo. 7, Sheridan Xo. 34, and Hood No. 

 44. The whole number was iJ-2. On his 



JOHN M'AUJSTER SCHOFIZLD. 



graduation, Schofield was assigned to the First 

 United States Artillery, and served for two 

 years in South Carolina and Florida ; and from 

 1855 to 1860 he was Assistant Professor of 

 Xatural Philosophy at West Point, alter which, 

 on leave of absence, he was for one year Pro- 

 of Physics in Washington University. St. 

 Louis, Mo. He had been commissioned first 

 lieutenant, United States Army, in August, 

 1855, and captain, in May, 1861. At the out- 

 break of the ciul war he became major of the 

 First Regiment of Missouri Volunteers, and on 

 April 26. 1861. was made chief-of-staff to 

 Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, with whom he served 

 in the Missouri campaign. He was appointed 

 brigadier-general of volunteers in Xovember, 

 1861, and soon afterward brigadier- general of 

 Missouri militia, and he commanded in that 

 State until April, 1863. He was made major- 

 general of volunteers in Xovember. 1862, and 

 from May, 1863, till February, 1864, he com- 

 manded the Department of the Missouri. Ee 

 was next assigned to the command of the De- 

 partment and Army of the Ohio, which formed 

 .a part of the army that Gen. William T. Sher- 

 man organized for his Georgia campaign 

 against the Confederate army under Gen. Jo- 

 seph E. Johnston. 



In that great campaign. Gen. Schofield par- 

 ticipated in the battles of Resaca, Dallas. Kene- 

 saw mountain, and Atlanta. After the capture 

 of Atlanta, when Sherman was preparing for 

 his march to the sea, Schofield, in command of 

 the Twenty-third Corps, was sent back to 

 Xashville, where he joined the army of Gen. 

 George H. Thomas. When the Confederate 

 army, of about 40.000 men. under Hood, de- 

 feated by Sherman at Atlanta, turned back to 

 attack Thomas, it was first confronted by 

 Schofield's force of about 25,000. Schofield 

 made a skillful retreat as far as Franklin, on 

 the Harpeth river, eighteen miles from Xash- 

 ville. where be intrenched a line with both 

 flanks resting on the stream. Here he was at- 



