738 



SEEVIA. 



tacked on the afternoon of Nov. 30, 1864. 

 The brigade forming Schotield's rear guard, 

 instead of falling back quickly to the main 

 line as ordered, so as to permit the whole fire to 

 be directed ou the advancing enemy, attempted 

 to withstand the onset alone. It was soon borne 

 back in confusion, and the enemy followed it 

 over a part of the intrenchments. A por- 

 tion of the line thus seized was recaptured 

 after hard fighting ; but the remainder could 

 not be retaken, and Schofield established a new 

 line a few rods in the rear, where the battle 

 was continued until dark. Meanwhile he had 

 got his artillery and trains across the stream, 

 and at midnight he followed with his "whole 

 force and retreated to Nashville. In the battle 

 of Franklin, Schofield lost 2,500 men ; Hood, 

 about 6,000. For this action, Schofield was 

 made brigadier-general and brevet major-gen- 

 eral in the regular army. He participated with 

 his corps in the battle of Nashville, Dec. 15 

 and 16, 1864, in which Thomas destroyed 

 Hood's army. 



In January, 1865, Gen. Schofield, with 15,- 

 000 men, was detached from Thoinas's army 

 and sent by rail to Washington, and thence by 

 transports to the mouth of Cape Fear river, 

 when Schofield was given command of the 

 Department of North Carolina. He captured 

 Wilmington on Feb. 22, 1865, fought the battle 

 of Kinston on March 8-10, and on March 22 

 joined at Goldsborough the army of Gen. Sher- 

 man as it moved northward after its march to 

 the sea. When Gen. Johnston's army surren- 

 dered to Sherman's, April 26, Gen. Schofield 

 had charge of the details. 



In June, 1865, he was sent to Europe on a 

 mission relating to the French occupation of 

 Mexico, whence he returned in May, 1866 ; 

 and in August of that year he was assigned to 

 the command of the Department of the Poto- 

 mac. From June 2, 1868, till March 12, 1869, 

 he was Secretary of War. He was then com- 

 missioned major-general in the United States 

 Army and ordered to the Department of the 

 Missouri. He commanded the Division of the 

 Pacific from 1870 till 1876, and again in 

 1882-'83. lie was superintendent of the Mili- 

 tary Academy at West Point from 1876 till 

 1881, commanded the Division of the Missouri 

 from 1883 till 1886, and was then transferred 

 to the Division of the Atlantic. On the death 

 of Gen. Philip II. Sheridan, in August, 1888, 

 Gen. Schofield became the ranking officer of 

 the United States Army. He was president of 

 the board that in 1870 adopted the system of 

 tactics now in use in the army, and was also 

 president of the board that investigated the 

 Fitz John Porter case in 1878. 



SERVIA, a monarchy in Southeastern Europe, 

 which gained its independence in 1829, after a 

 war with Turkey lasting fourteen years, and 

 was erected into a kingdom in 1882. The ex- 

 ecutive authority is vested in the King, who is 

 assisted by a council of eight ministers. The 

 legislative body is the Narodna Skupshtina, or 



National Assembly, a single house composed 

 of 208 members, of whom one fourth have 

 been nominated hitherto by the King. No 

 member of the legal or the military profession 

 is eligible. A Great National Assembly of four 

 times the number of members in the ordinary 

 Skupshtina is sometimes convoked to consid- 

 er matters of vital national importance. 



The Radical Ministry. The Radicals in Servia, 

 whose opinions coincide with the ideas of con- 

 stitutional liberty prevalent in Europe, with a 

 tincture of the socialistic theories of Russian 

 nihilism, have for many years represented the 

 prevailing sentiment of the Servian people. 

 The official class and the merchants are, to 

 a great extent, Progressists or Conservatives, 

 and the liberal professions contain many Lib- 

 erals; but the peasantry, almost to a man, be- 

 long to the Radical party. The King, sustained 

 by the pro-Russian Liberals under Ristich or 

 the pro-Austrian Progressists who followed 

 the lead of Garashanin, has repressed the de- 

 mand for a more popular form of government, 

 annulled the victories of the Radicals at the 

 polls, and imprisoned or banished their leaders, 

 who were driven by persecution to conspire 

 the violent overthrow of despotic power. The 

 Bulgarian war was a desperate resort to restore 

 the King's prestige, and when this failed, and 

 Garashanin retired, King Milan called Ristich to 

 the head of the Administration in June, 1887, 

 and attempted to govern with a coalition Cabi- 

 net. The Radicals gained another victory in 

 the autumn elections. The King was con- 

 strained to accept their programme. A com- 

 mission was appointed to device a scheme of 

 constitutional revision. He was unwilling to 

 intrust the Government to a party which had 

 been hostile to him and was distrusted abroad 

 on account of its revolutionary tendencies. 

 The Radicals had, however, a majority of four 

 over the elected and appointed ministerial 

 deputies, and after a preliminary agreement 

 on their part to continue the foreign policy of 

 the King, and to accept the financial programme 

 of the retiring ministry, at least in regard to 

 the issuance of a loan of 20,000,000 dinars for 

 the payment of the floating debt, the King sent 

 for Col. Gruich, who, on Jan. 1, 1888, formed 

 a new ministry of Radical complexion, made 

 up as follows; Premier and Minister of War, 

 Sava Gruich ; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 

 Franassovich ; Minister of Communications, 

 Velimirovich ; Minister of Finance, Vujich ; 

 Minister of the Interior, Milosavlyevich ; Min- 

 ister of Commerce, Stefan Popovich ; Minister 

 of Justice and Education, Gershich. Col. 

 Gruich had been Minister of War under Ris- 

 tich. Col. Franassovich was Minister of For- 

 eign Affairs in Garashanin's Cabinet. The new 

 Minister of Justice was a Professor of Interna- 

 tional Law who was sentenced to death in 

 1883 for participating in the revolution of 

 Alexinatz, and Dr. Vujich, the Minister of Fi- 

 nance, was expelled from Russia in 1884 for sus- 

 pected complicity in the NihilL-tic conspiracies. 





