50 OUTI.IM < or MILD-GEOLOGY PARTI 



than geologists. It required division into separate work 

 ing parties, to each of which a distinct tract of country 

 was assigned From the higher hill-tops triangulations 

 were made and outline-sketches were taken, so that a 

 general map was traced and filled in. In this work the 

 geologists co-operated, indicating to their associates the 

 salient geological features of each region, and inserting 

 these upon sections or diagrams, which, for beauty and 

 effectiveness, are among the most remarkable geological 

 sketches which up to that time had been produced. 



Besides the scientific staff, however, provision had to 

 be made for a foraging department ; and sometimes, also, 

 an escort was needed, where the work lay in or near the 

 territories of hostile Indians. 



As a sample of the equipment of Dr. Hayden's survey 

 I may cite a few particulars from his Report for 1874. 

 The staff in the field was divided into seven parties. Of 

 the organisation of these, the first may be taken as a 

 type. It consisted of one assistant geologist as director, 

 two topographers, two meteorologists, one botanist and 

 collector, one general assistant, two packers, cook, and 

 hunter. It would seem that there was thus only one 

 geologist in the party, though probably one or two of the 

 other members were able to lend him some assistance. 

 Starting on the 2oth of July, the party continued the 

 campaign till the 2yth of November. During that time 

 it surveyed 4300 square miles of new ground, which is 

 an average of somewhere about forty square miles a day. 

 This working party, therefore, though probably not much 

 more than one geologist strong, accomplished in one or 

 two days as great an area of map work as one of my 



