ni 111 <F BOUNDARY-USES 95 



In cases of this kind, information may often be ob- 

 tained from an examination of the soil What we call 

 vegetable soil is merely the upper stratum of decayed 

 rock mixed with vegetable and animal remains (Fig. 22). 

 It commonly betrays its origin by the still umlccom 

 posed fragments of stoi through its mass. In 



ract, for instance, we may find it full of pieces of 

 to the exclusion jxrrhaps of every other kind 



FM. M.-SMMM to ifcnr the wperficUl co*Hc of toil (i): voUofl (,) 

 torn UM dfcbMgntkm of tb UMkriyiac rock (3* 



of rock. If the land has been under cultivation, the 

 sandstone may be in large pieces, where it has been 

 turned up by the plough. \Vc should there infer with 

 some confidence that sandstone lay in situ below. 1 1 

 again the soil were a stiff red loam, with few or no 

 AouUi imliratc the existence of some red marl 

 or day immediately beneath. A sandy soil full of well- 

 rounded, water-worn stones, would show the presence of 

 some underlying gravelly deposit. A calcareous soil full 

 of blocks of tlinl would probably indicate the CXIM 



