campaigns thus resulted in a saving of cotton to the value of over 

 L.E. 8 per fedddn at present prices. 



The cost of these campaigns may be divided into two items : 

 (a) the cost to the cultivators ; (6) the cost of supervision borne 

 by the Government. The first of these has been estimated by 

 Mr. Shepherd for the 1919 campaign as follows : 



L.E. M. 



Compulsory pulling of sticks as opposed to cutting 

 P.T. 50 per feddiln, less P.T. 25 for extra fuel so 



obtained '. 250 



Sweeping of fields 500 



Cleaning of sticks on rakes 600 



Extra transport involved 150 



TOTAL 1 500 



It should be remarked, however, that the larger part of this sum 

 should not be regarded as money spent but as extra labour on the 

 part of the fellahin; so that any increase in production resulting 

 from it is pure gain to the country as a whole. 



The Government expenses incurred in connection with the Wadi 

 Tumilat campaign amounted in 1918 to L.E. 538. For 1919 they are 

 estimated at L.E. 730, or, since the area dealt with was 2,093 fedddns, 

 approximately L.E. 0-350 milliemes per fedddn. 



According to the above figures, therefore, an annual campaign 

 involving extra labour to the value of less than L.E. 2 per fedddn 

 has produced an improvement in the crop to the value of about 

 L.E. 8 per fedddn, a result which at first sight would seem to justify 

 the institution of such .a campaign all over the country. However, 

 there are several strong arguments against this view. In the first place 

 Mr. Shepherd, who was in charge of the experiment in the field, says : 

 ' The experiment proves that a campaign throughout the country 

 on the lines of the Wadi Tumilat is impossible, and the impossibility 

 lies not so much in the cleaning of the sticks as in the cleaning of the 

 fields." 



Secondly, a very* considerable improvement has been effected in 

 other parts of Egypt by more economical, if less efficient, methods. 

 And, thirdly, cultivators in general, and even the inspectorate staff 

 of the Ministry of Agriculture, are not convinced from their own 

 observations of the utility of the campaign. This is doubtless due 

 partly to the difficulty of estimating accurately the degree of attack 

 without making careful boll-counts, partly to the fact that the average 

 person gets his general impression of the attack from the state of affairs 

 at the end of the season when in all cases practically every boll is 



