14 



PROBLEMS IN STRENGTH OF MATERIALS 



assume that the strength of the whole joint is that of the aggregate 

 of all such sections. 



The width of a repeating section will be denoted by p, the 

 thickness of the plate by t, and the diameter of the rivet holes 

 by d. 



The diameter of the rivet hole is taken instead of the original 

 diameter of the cold rivet, because the rivet, when properly driven 

 and headed, completely fills the hole, the size of which therefore 



determines the effective di- 

 ameter of the driven rivet. 

 The cold rivet, is usually 

 about -Jg of an inch smaller 

 than the hole, so that when 

 heated red hot it may be 

 easily and quickly inserted. 



A riveted joint may fail in 

 one of several ways. 



1. The rivets may be 

 * sheared, as shown in Fig. 10. 



2. The plate in front of the rivet may be sheared out, as in a 

 of Fig. 11. 



3. The plate may crush in front of the rivet, as in I or c of Fig. 1 1. 



4. The plate may break 

 along the rivet holes, as in d, 

 or along lines from the center 

 of a rivet in one row to the 

 center of the next rivet in the 

 adjacent row, as in e of Fig. 11. 

 Experiments have shown that 

 unless the bearing stress be 

 excessive there is no danger 

 of the joint failing in the man- 

 ner of 2 or 3, if the " margin," (d) (e) 



that IS, the distance between FIG. ll. Tearing or Overstraining the Plate 



the edge of the rivet hole and 



the edge of the plate, be made sufficiently great. It should be 



made at least as great as d. 



