ARCHEOLOGY. (BRITISH FRENCH.) 



a -mailer food bowl. On the arm was an 

 armlet of peetunculus shell. A remnant of a 

 wooden prayer-stick, painted green, lay on the 

 breast. The square ear pendants were of lignite 

 covered with a turquoise mosaic surrounding a 

 central stone. Four pieces of black and white pot- 

 tery with geometric ornamentation were in the 

 grave. While the author regards the racial and 

 clan kinship of the former occupants of these 

 pueblos as somewhat problematical, he thinks 

 that thev were quite likely kin to the llopi. 



The Cliff-Dwellings. The Colorado Federa- 

 tion of Women's Clubs and the Colorado Cliff- 

 Dwellers' Association, represented by Mrs. Gilbert 

 MeClurg. with the sanction of the Government of 

 the United States, have obtained from Tgnacio, 

 chief of the Weeminuche Utes, the lease of the 

 tract containing the Mesa Verde cliff-dwellings, 

 for the purpose of setting it aside as a park. 

 These Mesa Verde cliff-dwellings, which were ex- 

 plored by Mr*. McClurg in 1881-'82, after their 

 first discovery and examination a few years be- 

 fore by United States officers, cover an area 

 20 miles long and 8 miles wide. The houses are 

 usually about 100 feet below the top crags, and 

 sometimes 1,000 feet from the bottom of the 

 caiion, seemingly stuck on the side of the sand- 

 stone wall and overlrung by masses of rock. They 

 are built and joined to the rock with remarkable 

 skill, and are reached only by the most difficult 

 paths. They number 400, some being in ruins 

 and some in excellent preservation. One, called 

 the Cliff Palace, contains 350 rooms. 



Mounds in South Dakota. Excavations in a 

 mound in Brown County, South Dakota, brought 

 to light the bones of 9 persons, of some of which 

 only the skulls were found, while of others bones 

 enough were left to show that the persons were 

 very tall. Beside the bones of one child was 

 the skeleton of a dog. Stone pipes found near the 

 bones were different from others that had been 

 recovered from the Indian mounds of the region. 

 They were not made of the red pipe-stone com- 

 monly used, but of a very hard material, and in- 

 stead of having an opening at the side for the 

 stem, had a hole in the bottom. The earth of 

 which the mound was made appears to have been 

 dug up and brought from a distance of 10 or 12 

 rods. 



Buins in Salt River Valley, Arizona. 

 Work has been begun in the exploration of the 

 extensive ruins in the Salt River valley, a few 

 miles east of Phoanix, Arizona. They consist of 

 a large pile, about 25 feet high, 100 feet wide, and 

 200 feet long, surrounded by lesser mounds ex- 

 tending half a mile northward, and toward the 

 river in a southerly direction. The structures ap- 

 pear to have been of adobe, by the weathering of 

 the more exposed parts of which other parts have 

 been protected against decay. Where thus pro- 

 tected, the walls are from 12 to 18 inches in thick- 

 Some of the smaller mounds have been dug 

 into and skeletons and various implements have 

 been extracted from them; but the principal 

 mound, where work is now begun, has been pro- 

 tected by the Arizona Antiquarian Society, which 

 has sought to prevent haphazard excavation. 



British. The estimates of the age of Stone- 

 henge vary widely. Mr. E. A. Maskelyne fixes its 

 date at from 900 to 1,000 years B. r., while W M 

 Flinders Petrie dates it as from 500 to 900 A. D! 

 The earliest definite mention of it is in the thir- 

 teenth century, by Henry of Huntington, who 

 speaks of it under the name of " Stonenges " as 

 the second wonder of England. An account by 

 Hecatteus, of the sixth century B. c., of the cere- 

 monies performed by the Hyperboreans of an 



island off the coast of Gaul in a circular temple 

 of Apollo, is thought possibly to refer to it, and 

 if HO would be favorable to the earlier date. The 

 results of recent researches also tend to confirm 

 this date. Sir Edmund Antrobus, owner of the 

 estate, has been making some excavations in co- 

 operation with certain archeological associations, 

 with a view to strengthening the positions of the 

 stones. During this work a large number of stone- 

 age implements and some " sarsen " and sye- 

 nite chippings have been found. The discoveries 

 are interpreted as indicating that the monument 

 dates back to the stone age, and that the stones, 

 were partly, if not wholly, dressed on the spot. 

 The tools found consist of hammers and axes, and 

 some of them are remarkably well formed. They 

 are the first stone implements that have been 

 found in the immediate vicinity of Stonehenge, al- 

 though " sarsen " stone chippings and bronze 

 tools had been found in some of the barrows of 

 the district. 



Among the articles shown in the annual ex- 

 hibition of objects recovered during the past 

 season's excavations at Silchester, special men- 

 tion is made of a large and well-preserved pad- 

 lock, and an example of the farrier's tool kno\vn 

 in France as a " boutoir," and corresponding ta 

 the old farrier's " buttress." There were also- 

 parts of cooking utensils, several bucket handles, 

 many carpenter's tools, some ingeniously fash- 

 ioned candlesticks, and many well-shaped vessels- 

 in variously colored wares; numerous specimens 

 of colored wall plaster, and a section of pave- 

 ment combining the opus sectile with the opus 

 tesselatum. 



In a summary of the work done during 1900 in 

 the investigation of Roman Britain, published in 

 the Athenaeum of Jan. 5, 1901, Mr. F. Hamfield 

 speaks of three of the sites examined in 1899 

 Widerspool, Melandra, and Ribchester as having 

 been left almost untouched, while Richborough,. 

 Cardiff, and Gelligaer had taken their place. Ex- 

 plorations of Silchester, Caerwent, and Hadrian'* 

 wall had gone forw r ard, and the Scottish Society 

 of Antiquaries had completed Camelon and begun 

 Lyne. At Silchester the neighborhood of the 

 north gate had been examined, and more sub- 

 stantial advance had been made in uncovering" 

 the whole of the 100 acres which lie within 

 the ancient walls, the total excavation of the 

 site being the chief point aimed at. Among the 

 more remarkable finds in the ruins were tools- 

 (including some monstrous padlocks and a shoe- 

 maker's stand) and a wooden ladder in a welL 

 At Caerwent the work had been continued in the- 

 southwestern quarter of the Romano-British 

 town, and two inscribed fragments had been 

 turned up. Very little had been added to our 

 knowledge of Romano-British villas, but sev- 

 eral sites had been indicated. The fort at Rich- 

 borough had yielded a fragment of an inscription 

 and a silver ingot, stamped. Roman woi'k had 

 been discovered and examined at Cardiff and at 

 Gelligaer, 14 miles north, and minor finds were 

 mentioned. The work on Hadrian's wall had 

 yielded interesting results. The camp at Lyne, 

 near Peebles, had been partly excavated, and ap- 

 peared to have been at some time a definite 

 Roman fort. 



French. At the meeting of the French So- 

 cietes Savantes, held at Nancy in April, M. Bletch- 

 er, professor at Nancy, presented the results 

 of his studies of the remains of primitive mills, 

 mortars, and pestles found in the region. They 

 date from before the Romans, or even the iron 

 age. The porphyry of which they are made is not 

 found in the country, and must have been brought 



