AUSTRALASIA. 



THE EARL OF HOPETOUN, GOVER- 

 NOR-GENERAL OF AUSTRALIA. 



Australia, his functions beginning with the in- 

 auguration of the commonwealth on Jan. 1, 1901. 

 John Adrian Louis Hope, the seventh Earl of 

 Hopetoun, born Sept. 25, I860, at the hereditary 

 seat in Scotland, succeeded his father at the age 



of thirteen, was 

 educated at Eton, 

 and passed at 

 Sandhurst, but 

 did not enter the 

 army. He was 

 whip in the 

 House of Lords, 

 lord in waiting to 

 the Queen, lord 

 high commission- 

 er to the General 

 Assembly of the 

 Church of Scot- 

 land in 1887 and 

 the two follow- 

 ing years, and in 

 1889 was ap- 

 pointed Governor 

 of Victoria to 

 succeed Sir 

 Henry Loch. Re- 

 turning to Eng- 

 land in 1895, he presided over the Institute of 

 Naval Architects, succeeded Lord Lathom as Lord 

 Chamberlain at the end of 1898, and received his 

 appointment as the first Governor-General of Aus- 

 tralia in November, 1900. 



The first ministry was composed as follows: 

 Prime Minister and Minister for External Affairs, 

 E. Barton; Attorney-General, A. Deakin; Minis- 

 ter for Home Affairs, Sir W. J. Lyne; Treasurer, 

 Sir George Turner; Minister of Trade and Com- 

 merce, C. C. Kingston; Minister of Defense, Sir 

 John Forrest; Postmaster-General, J. G. Drake. 



The Crown colony of Fiji is administered in 

 accordance with native laws and customs, and 

 its Governor is High Commissioner for the West- 

 ern Pacific, intrusted with the supervision of Brit- 

 ish interests in the islands under native rule. 

 British New Guinea is under the administration 

 of a Lieutenant-Governor instructed by the Brit- 

 ish Colonial Secretary in agreement with the Aus- 

 tralian colonial authorities. New Zealand has 

 not joined the commonwealth. 



Area and Population. The area in square 

 miles of the states forming the commonwealth, 

 according to the latest surveys, and their popula- 

 tion as estimated in 1899 are given in the follow- 

 ing table: 



The increase in the population of New South 

 Wales in ten years was 274,830, and of this in- 

 crease 17 per cent, was due to immigration and 

 83 per cent, to the excess of births over deaths. 

 There were 233,233 children on the rolls of the 

 state schools in 1899 and 149,439 in average at- 

 tendance, with 60.159 in private schools. There 

 were 449 Chinamen who left the colony in 1899 

 and only 36 arrived. The total number of im- 

 migrants was 77,634, and of emigrants 70,220. 

 The population of Sydney, the capital, was esti- 



mated in 1899 at 438,300. The total population 

 of New South Wales in 1901 was 1,302,232. 



The census of 1901 showed the population of 

 Victoria to be 1,195,874. The urban population 

 in 1899 was 56 per cent, of the total population, 

 Melbourne, the capital, having 477,700 inhabitants 

 in 1899, Ballarat 46,410, Bendigo 43,112, and Gee- 

 long 23,440. The population of Melbourne in 

 1901 was 493,956. The increase in the four towns 

 in ten years was 12,303, and in the rural districts 

 43,166. The census of 1901 showed an increase in 

 the population of the colony of only 55,469 in ten 

 years, and this was almost entirely in females. 

 The natural increase since 1891 was 180,000, show- 

 ing that 125,000 persons had left the colony. The 

 number of immigrants by sea in 1899 was 85,384, 

 and of emigrants 86,948. Education is. compul- 

 sory between the ages of six and thirteen, and in 

 1899 there were 1,892 state schools, with 4,808 

 teachers and 143,844 pupils in average attend- 

 ance, being 60 per cent, of the number enrolled. 



The census of 1901 made the population of 

 Queensland 502,892. The population of Brisbane, 

 the capital of Queensland, was estimated at the 

 end of 1899 at 121,262, including suburbs, and 

 there were 7 smaller towns with between 14,000 

 and 26,000 inhabitants. The number of immi- 

 grants in 1899 was 39,916, including 979 Chinese 

 and 1,537 Pacific islanders; emigrants, 33,590, in- 

 cluding 836 Chinese and 968 Pacific islanders. 

 There were 888 elementary schools in the colony 

 at the end of 1899, with 2,012 teachers and an 

 average attendance of 63,133 pupils, while 11,389 

 attended 166 private schools. 



Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, had 

 148,644 inhabitants at the end of 1899. The num- 

 ber of immigrants in 1899 was 33,634, and of emi- 

 grants 32,042. The census of 1901 showed an in- 

 crease of 13 per cent, in population in ten years, 

 compared with 14 per cent, in the previous dec- 

 ade. The urban population increased 22 per cent, 

 and the rural population 7 per cent., reversing the 

 process of the previous decade, in which the urban 

 population decreased 6 per cent., while the rural 

 population increased 7 per cent. Public lands are 

 reserved to afford educational funds. In 1899 

 there were 284 regular and 393 provisional schools, 

 and the number of scholars was 68,329. 



The immigration into Tasmania in 1899 was 24,- 

 959, and emigration 20,805. The movement was 

 mainly between Victoria and Tasmania. 



The population of Western Australia on June 

 30, 1900, was estimated at 178,196, consisting of 

 116,401 males and 61,795 females. Perth, the capi- 

 tal, had 34,610 inhabitants, and Freemantle had 

 about 16,000, which was more than the entire col- 

 ony had in 1859, thirty years after its first set- 

 tlement. The influx of gold- seekers from the 

 other colonies and from over the sea has ceased. 

 In 1899 there were 20,278 arrivals and 20,225 de- 

 partures. The average school attendance in 1899 

 was 12,465 in 205 Government schools and 4,359 

 in 83 private schools. 



The movement of population in the several 

 states for 1899 was as follows: 



* Net emigration. 

 Finances. The revenue of the several Original 

 States for 1899, their expenditure, and the state- 



