AUSTRALASIA. 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



Xealand the white man had always taken land 

 from the native*: what had been done in Xew 

 Zealand itM'lf. where the colored people were 

 cooped up on a fragment of land left to them, 

 would happen to the colored people of Fiji also, 

 who would lost- nearly all their land. Mi. Sed- 

 tlon apj>ealed to Mr. Chamberlain, demanding 

 that these charges should lie either substantiated 

 or withdrawn. The Governor of Fiji issued an 

 order in Council making it an oll'eiise punishable 

 with six month** imprisonment for any person to 

 cause Fijians to become disaffected or to induce 

 unv Fijian to take action having for its object the 

 subversion or alteration of the present form of 

 government. There was disaffection against the 

 (inventor among both whites and natives. The 

 New /calami Government requested the imperial 

 authorities to inquire into the condition of Fiji. 

 British New Guinea. When the southeastern 

 part of the island of Xew Guinea was annexed in 

 1S.S7 the Government of Queensland guaranteed 

 1.~>,<MM) a year for the expense of administration. 

 The governments of New South Wales and Vic- 

 toria afterward agreed to divide the expense, each 

 colony contributing a third, and each having a 

 voice in the affairs of the protectorate. The Lieu- 

 tenant -(inventor at the beginning of 1901 was 

 George Ruthven Le Hunte. The local revenue, de- 

 rived mainly from customs, was 11,683 in 1899; 

 exj>enditure 15,583. Missionaries are active, in 

 the island. The coconut groves are being ex- 

 tended through European influence. Europeans 

 are prohibited from acquiring land titles from 

 natives and front supplying them with firearms or 

 spirituous liquors, and the employment of native 

 labor is subject to regulations. Land for plant- 

 ing can be acquired from the Government by lease 

 or by purchase, the price being 2s. Qd. an acre. 

 Tobacco, sugar, rice, rubber-trees, coffee, and tea 

 can \n- grown. The forests are rich and- exten- 

 sive, affording sandal wood, ebony, gums, rattan, 

 and many other products. Trepang, pearl shell, 

 and pearls are found along the coast, and have 

 l>een exported since before the British occupation. 

 Copra and sandalwood are also exported, and 

 gold, which is found in the Louisiade Islands, on 

 Woodlark island, and in the mountains of the 

 mainland. The value of imports in 1899 was 52,- 

 200, and of exports 68,500. The number of ves- 

 sels entered in the foreign trade was 92, of 19,600 

 tons; cleared, 81, of 19,200 tons. There were 

 7.767 letters, 2,120 newspapers, and 640 packets 

 carried in the mails in 1899. The Australian 

 Commonwealth has taken steps to assume charge 

 of the administration of New Guinea, which the 

 state governments of Queensland, Victoria, and 

 New Guinea are willing to resign. Lieut-Gov. Le 

 Hunte has endeavored to conciliate and win the 

 confidence of the natives, and has refrained from 

 retaliatory proceedings when they have com- 

 mitted savage crimes. Many of them are canni- 

 <>n April 8. 1901. James Chalmers, a mis- 

 >nary explorer, a half-breed missionary, and the 

 native Christians who accompanied them were 

 massacred and eaten on an island in the Aird 

 The natives boarded their vessel and would 

 not leave until the missionaries went ashore with 

 them The members of the party were killed and 

 their heads taken off as soon as they landed Mr 

 Le Hunte. with 20 armed Europeans, mostlv Gov- 

 ernment officials, and 40 native constabulary 

 went to the island and destroyed the war canoes 

 and the village dnbhouses. which were lined with 

 human skulls, but left the dwellings intact The 

 natives attacked the party repeatedly with flights 

 f arrows by day and night, and they had to fire 

 in self-defense, ktlhng 24 and wounding many 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, a dual monarchy in 

 central Europe, composed, under the fundamental 

 law of Dec. 21, 1867, of the Empire of Austria and 

 the Kingdom of Hungary, inseparable constitu- 

 tional monarchies, hereditary in the male line of 

 the dynasty of Hapsburg-Lorraine or, in the 

 event of the extinction of the male line, in the fe- 

 male line. The legislative power in affairs com- 

 mon to both monarchies, which are foreign rela- 

 tions, military and naval affairs, with the excep- 

 tion of the national territorial armies, common 

 finance, commercial and railroad affairs concern- 

 ing both monarchies, the customs tariff, the coin- 

 age, and the administration of the occupied 

 Turkish provinces, is exercised by committees of 

 the legislative bodies of both monarchies. These 

 committees, called the Delegations, meet alter- 

 nately in Vienna and Budapest, the respective 

 Austrian and Hungarian capitals. They are com- 

 posed of 20 members elected annually by each of 

 the two upper houses and 40 members elected by 

 each of the two lower houses. Each Delegation 

 meets and votes separately, and, in case of dis- 

 agreement, they decide the question by a joint 

 vote. The common ministers are responsible to 

 the Delegations, and they may be impeached for 

 any dereliction of duty. 



The Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary 

 is Franz Josef I, born Aug. 18, 1830, proclaimed 

 Emperor of Austria on Dec. 2, 1848, when his 

 uncle," Ferdinand I, abdicated in consequence of 

 a revolution, and he was crowned King of Hun- 

 gary on June 8, 1867, when the ancient consti- 

 tutional rights of that monarchy were restored. 

 The heir presumptive is the Emperor-King's 

 nephew, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, born 

 April 21, 1865, son of the late Archduke Karl 

 Ludwig and the Princess Annunciata, daughter 

 of the former King of Naples. 



The ministers of the whole monarchy at the 

 beginning of 1901 were as follow; Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs and of the Imperial House, Graf 

 Agenor Maria Adam Goluchowski; Common 

 Minister of War, Gen. Edmund, Freiherr von 

 Krieghammer ; Common Minister of Finance, Ben- 

 jamin de Kail ay. 



The Common Budget. The expenditure for 

 common affairs in 1898 was 183,905,220 florins, of 

 which 144,105,050 florins were ordinary and 

 39,800,170 florins extraordinary expenses. The net 

 receipts from customs were 71,147,770 florins, leav- 

 ing 112,757,450 florins to be provided by the two 

 monarchies, 2 per cent, of which, under the old 

 Ausgleich, which was continued in force as a 

 modus Vivendi until 1899, was paid by Hungary, 

 and the remaining 110,502,301 florins were as- 

 sessed to the two monarchies, 70 per cent, to 

 Austria and 30 per cent, to Hungary. A joint 

 commission agreed in November, 1899, that the 

 quota of Hungary should be 34.4 per cent. The 

 Parliaments of the two countries having failed to 

 ratify this arrangement, the monarch decided that 

 it should be adopted provisionally until June 30," 

 1901. The sanctioned estimate of common ex- 

 penditure for 1899 was 156,857,000 florins; the 

 budget estimate for 1900 was 172,324,750 florins.' 

 The budget for 1901 makes the total expenditure 

 362,854,411 crowns, of which 322,497,028 crowns 

 are for ordinary and 40,357,383 crowns for ex- 

 traordinary purposes. The expenditure, of the 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs is 10,739,079 crowns, 

 10,530,784 crowns for ordinary and 208,295 crowns 

 for extraordinary purposes; the expenditure of the 

 Ministry of War for the army, 278,649,953 crowns 

 for ordinary and 25,168,528 crowns for extraordi- 

 nary purposes, making a total of 303,818,481 

 crowns; expenditure for the navy, 28,741,660 



