AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



empire. The president then decided, on Feb. 20, 

 to accept non-German interpellations, which must 

 be translated into German, and in this form in- 

 corporated in the minutes, with the original in- 

 terpellation appended. This decision was not 

 satisfactory to either Czechs or Germans, and its 

 announcement w T as the signal for an exchange of 

 insults and an uproar that compelled the presi- 

 dent to bring the proceedings to a close. The 

 succeeding sittings were as stormy and scanda- 

 lous. The use of insulting epithets was formerly 

 unknown in Parliament, as it is contrary to the 

 habits and education of the people of Austria of 

 all classes, and is even punishable by law. The 

 practice was introduced by the Anti-Semites in 

 the Diet of Lower Austria and the municipal 

 council of Vienna, and had the effect of demoral- 

 izing the surprised majority. At the moment 

 when the conflict of nationalities 'became acute 

 the innovation was adopted by the opposing par- 

 ties in the Reichsrath, and the employment of 

 abusive terms calculated to shock and revolt, and 

 to provoke or silence opponents, was reduced to 

 a science. The ruling of the president that the 

 German translation of Czech interpellations be 

 read in Parliament occasioned a fresh outburst of 

 national passion, but the Czechs were not so out- 

 rageous as the Pan-Germans, who openly avowed 

 their desire for annexation to Germany and im- 

 ported religious rancor into the controversy by 

 charges of immorality against the priesthood and 

 by repeating clerical scandals. The Social Demo- 

 crats joined in the attacks on the clergy. The 

 Clerical Anti-Semites retorted by sweeping accu- 

 sations against the Jews. The Government ar- 

 ranged a truce \vith the Czechs, promising pub- 

 lic improvements at Prague and other advantages, 

 though not the desired university at Briinn. The 

 Reichstag discussed economic and other measures 

 which were popular in the constituencies. The 

 <3erman and Czech members spontaneously came 

 to an understanding for the advancement of canal 

 and railroad schemes. In May, in day and night 

 sittings, the Reichsrath endeavored to make up 

 for the inaction of years. The annual contingent 

 for the army, the imposition of a higher tariff on 

 Italian wines, several measures affecting taxation, 

 a bill making nine hours a day's work in mines, 

 and the great railroad scheme of the Government 

 were discussed, and the last measure, as well as 

 the canal bill, was passed by agreement between 

 all the parties. The regular business was inter- 

 rupted at times by demonstrations against Anti- 

 Semitic officials who had dismissed German Na- 

 tionalist and Social-Democratic school-teachers. 

 The arrangement made between Austrian and 

 Hungarian parliamentary committees respecting 

 the quota of each half of the monarchy in the 

 common expenditure was laid before the Reichs- 

 rath, with a warning from the Prime Minister 

 that the Government would not undertake to 

 varry through popular measures if bills necessary 

 for the existence of the state failed to pass. The 

 new Ausgleich concluded by the Austrian and 

 Hungarian governments was unpopular with all 

 parties in Austria. It was generally regarded as 

 a hard bargain extorted from Austria during the 

 breakdown of the Reichsrath. The Czech repre- 

 sentatives even of the moderate stripe were unwil- 

 ling to support the Government in passing the 

 measure through the Reichsrath on condition that 

 a national concession be offered to their constitu- 

 ents, such as equality in the employment of the 

 Czech and German languages in the public offices 

 of Bohemia and Moravia. 



Hungary. The upper house of the Hungarian 

 Parliament is the Chamber of Magnates, composed 

 VOL. XLI. 5 A 



in 1901 of 17 archdukes, 55 ecclesiastical digni- 

 taries, 10 bannerets of the kingdom, the Count of 

 Presburg, 2 keepers of the crown, 2 presidents of 

 the royal assize court, 2 presidents of the adminis- 

 trative tribunal, the president of the royal table 

 of Budapest, 3 delegates of the Diet of Croatia- 

 Slavonia, the Governor of Fiume, hereditary mem- 

 bers, consisting of 7 princes, 1G9 counts, and 49 

 barons, members nominated by the King for life, 

 50 in number, and 27 members elected by the 

 Chamber of Magnates. The Chamber of Deputies 

 is composed of 453 members, of whom 413 are 

 elected for five years by the electoral colleges of 

 Hungarian counties and towns, and 40 are elected 

 from among its members by the Diet of Croatia- 

 Slavonia. The Council of Ministers, constituted 

 on Feb. 25, 1899, was composed as follows: Presi- 

 dent of the Council, Koloman von Szell; Minister 

 of National Defense, Baron G. de Fejervary; Min- 

 ister for Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia, E. von 

 Czeh; Minister of Finance, Dr. L. de Lukacs; 

 Minister of Worship and Public Instruction, Dr. 

 J. von Wlassics; Minister of Agriculture, Dr. J. 

 Daranyi; Minister of the Imperial Cabinet, Count 

 J. Szechenyi; Minister of Justice, Dr. A. Ploss; 

 Minister of Commerce, A. de Hegedus. 



Area and Population. The area of the King- 

 dom of Hungary, including Croatia and Slavonia, 

 is 125,039 square miles. The population at the 

 census of 1890 was 17,463,791, comprising 8,668,- 

 175 males and 8,795,616 females. 



Finances. The ordinary revenue of the Hun- 

 garian Government in 1899 was 503,525,000 

 florins ; extraordinary and transitory revenue, 

 11,307,000 florins; total revenue, 514,832,000 

 florins. The ordinary expenditure was 454,886,- 

 000 florins; transitory expenditure, 13,094,000 

 florins; investments, 38,903,000 florins; extraor- 

 dinary contribution to common expenditure, 

 6,685,000 florins; total disbursements, 513,568,000 

 florins. The estimate of revenue from all sources 

 in 1900 was 1,054,513,404 crowns, and of the total 

 expenditures 1,052,681,821 crowns. The budget es- 

 timate of ordinary revenue for 1901 was 1,012,770,- 

 396 crowns, and of extraordinary revenue 43,811,- 

 901 crowns; total, 1,056,582,297 crowns. Of the 

 ordinary revenue, 2,849,317 crowns come from state 

 debts, 2,000 crowns from the Ministry ad latus, 

 7,867,497 crowns from the Ministry of the Interior, 

 687,121,467 crowns from the Ministry of Finance, 

 268,606,725 crowns from the Ministry of Com- 

 merce, 38,924,077 crowns from the Ministry of 

 Agriculture, 4.543,319 crowns from the Ministry 

 of Instruction and Worship, 2,085,170 crowns from 

 the Ministry of Justice, and 770,824 crowns from 

 the Ministry of National Defense. The ordinary 

 expenditure was estimated at 970,496,503 crowns, 

 transitory expenditure at 30,771,834 crowns, and 

 investments at 55,288,080 crowns; total expendi- 

 ture, 1,056,556,417 crowns. Of the ordinary ex- 

 penditure, 9,300,000 crowns were for the civil list, 

 182,144 crowns for the Cabinet chancery, 3,570,432 

 crowns for Parliament, 65,923,497 crowns for com- 

 mon expenditure, 42,951 crowns for common pen- 

 sions, 19,448,005 crowns for Hungarian pensions, 

 259,964,560 crowns for the national debt, 27,350,- 

 106 crowns for debts of railroads acquired by the 

 state, 312,204 crowns for debts of guaranteed rail- 

 roads, 8,397,319 crowns for loans of separate de- 

 partments, 16,926,513 crowns for the administra- 

 tion of Croatia-Slavonia, 334,640 crowns for con- 

 trol, 557,594 crowns for administration of courts, 

 979,869 crowns for the minister-presidency, 141,- 

 673 crowns for the Ministry' ad latus, 92,360 

 crowns for the Minister for Croatia, 41,843,860 

 crowns for the Ministry of the Interior, 176,691.- 

 681 crowns for the Ministry of Finance, 188,744,- 



