CANADA, DOMINION OP. 



95 



mittee and its branches which were organizing 

 armed bands on the frontier. Gen. Paprikon 

 issued military regulations forbidding military 

 officers to have anything to do with the revolu- 

 tionists and restricting the activity of the latter. 

 This so incensed them that they attacked Prince 

 Ferdinand in their newspaper organs. On April 5 

 Boris Saravoff and the other officers of the Mace- 

 donian Committee were arrested on a warrant 

 issued by the magistrate who investigated the 

 charges made by the Roumanian Government rela- 

 tive to the murder of Prof. Mihaileano. This sud- 



den action of the authorities, occurring only a few 

 days before the date of a Macedonian congress ar- 

 ranged by the agitators, occasioned riots arid street 

 fighting in Sofia. The untrustworthy chief of 

 police was superseded by an army ollieor. The ex- 

 citement was not widespread, and it soon passed 

 over. The general feeling was one of relief. The 

 arrested leaders, SaravofF and Stojuno!)', were 

 tried in August for complicity in the murder of 

 Fitoffski, a Turkish spy, and Kovatchetl' and 

 Treloff for having planned the murder of Prof. 

 Mihaileano. All of them were acquitted by a jury. 







CALIFORNIA. (See under UNITED STATES.) 



CANADA, DOMINION OF. A federal union 

 of British provinces in North America; area, 

 3,458,400 square miles, with a population- of 

 5,500,000. 



Government and Politics. By the general 

 elections of Nov. 7, 1900, as shown in the com- 

 pleted returns, the House of Commons of Canada 

 stood, nominally, as follows at the beginning of 

 1901: Liberals, 128; Conservatives, 79; Independ- 

 ents, 6. Giving the Independents to the Govern- 

 ment, this would leave 134 Liberals to 79 Con- 

 servatives, against the vote in the preceding Par- 

 liament of 136 to 77. The Government at the be- 

 ginning of the year was as follows, including the 

 Earl of Minto, who had been sworn in as Gov- 

 ernor-General on Nov. 12, 1898: Premier and Presi- 

 dent of the Privy Council, Sir Wilfrid Laurier; 

 Minister of Trade and Commerce., Sir R. J. Cart- 

 wright ; Secretary of State, Hon. R. W. Scott; 

 Minister of Justice, Hon. David Mills ; Minister of 

 Marine and Fisheries, Sir L. H. Davies; Minister 

 of Militia and Defense, Hon. F. W. Borden ; Post- 

 master-General, Hon. W. Mulock; Minister of 

 Agriculture, Hon. S. A. Fisher ; Minister of Public 

 Works, Hon. J. Israel Tarte; Minister of Finance, 

 Hon. W. S. Fielding; Minister of Railways and 

 Canals, Hon. Andrew G. Blair; Minister of the 

 Interior, Hon. Clifford Sifton; Minister of Cus- 

 toms, Hon. W. Paterson; Minister of Inland Rev- 

 enue, Hon. M. E. Bernier; Ministers without 

 portfolio, Hon. R. R. Dobell and Hon. J. Suther- 

 land; Minister without portfolio, and Solicitor- 

 General, without a seat in the Cabinet, Hon; 

 Charles Fitzpatrick. 



Parliament met in its first session at Ottawa 

 on 'Feb. 7. The Hon. L. G. Power was elected 

 Speaker of the Senate, and Mr. L. P. Brodeur 

 Speaker of the Commons. The Earl of Minto 

 opened the Houses with an address from the 

 Throne, of which the following are the significant 

 passages : 



" My Government has learned, with great satis- 

 faction, of the progress being made with the Pa- 

 cific cable scheme, and I trust that nothing may 

 occur to delay its early completion. Last sum- 

 mer I made a tour through Canada as far as Daw- 

 son City, and was everywhere received with un- 

 qualified proofs of devotion and loyalty. During 

 my journey I was, from personal observation, 

 much impressed with the great activity displayed 

 in the development of the mining and agricultural 

 industries of the country, and with the substan- 

 tial increase in its population. The thrift, energy, 

 and law-abiding character of the immigrants are 

 a subject of much congratulation, and afford am- 

 ple proof of their usefulness as citizens of the 

 Dominion. 



" It gives me great pleasure to note the excel- 

 lent display made by Canada at the Universal 



RT. HON. SIR WILFRID LAURIER, 

 G. C. M. G. 



Exposition in Paris. The fine quality and varied 

 character of Canadian natural and industrial 

 products is evidenced by the number of awards 

 won in nearly every class of the competition. It 

 is a remarkable tes- 

 timony to the effec- 

 tiveness of our 

 cold-storage trans- 

 portation facilities 

 that fresh fruit 

 grown in Canada 

 secured a large 

 number of the high- 

 est awards. It is 

 extremely gratify- 

 ing to observe that, 

 as a result of the 

 display of Canadian 

 resources, consid- 

 erable foreign capi- 

 tal has found its 

 way to Canada for 

 investment, and 

 large orders from 

 foreign countries 

 have been received 

 for Canadian 

 goods. 



" The improvement of the St. Lawrence route 

 continues to engage the very careful attention of 

 my Government. During the past year ship canals 

 have been widened and deepened, additional lights 

 and buoys have been provided, and in a short time 

 there will be telegraph and cable communication 

 with Belle Isle. These additional securities will 

 tend to make safer and more efficient than ever 

 our great waterway between the lakes and the 

 Atlantic. I am glad to observe that the revenue 

 and the general volume of trade continues un- 

 diminished, and even shows a moderate increase 

 over the very large figures attained during the 

 past year." 



The address in reply to the speech from the 

 Throne was moved on Feb. 11 by Hugh Guthrie, 

 and seconded by Charles Marcil. Mr. Guthrie re- 

 ferred to the death of the Queen, the coming 

 royal visit, and the general prosperity of the 

 country. The latter development, " if not en- 

 tirely, is very largely the result of the well-di- 

 rected efforts of the administration." He dealt 

 briefly with the position of the farmers, the im- 

 portance of the preferential tariff, and the gal- 

 lantry of Canadian troops in South Africa. Mr. 

 Marcil referred particularly to the loyalty of his 

 people in Quebec. "I thank Heaven that we, 

 French-Canadians, should have had at Paarde- 

 berg and upon other battle-fields representatives 

 of our nationality." He suggested that the 

 Canadian flag should have a simple maple-leaf on 

 a red field, and in connection with the Union Jack, 



