CHINA. 



'..itr.'i. ;;nd there were frequent street 



ir,-: A.-i-ii the' nationalities. The Germans at 



h,"n>iii awuixed l>\ boats striking against a 



,,. ,|,,. x | i; ',d luii'll. fired upon a tug Hying 



, ]',iiti-li lla-_'. killing two men of the Chinese 



ifii-r which they imprisoned and Hogged the 



,,'M.' When called on* for an explanation, Gen. von 



i,. ,.| (la- German commander, alleged that 



|iritili tugs and lighters were in the habit of de- 



liltcnitcly running against the 



and Kmrlish troops at Tientsii 



urnil the animo>ity of all the Continental sol- 

 dier-, an.l the AmeiiVan troops had sometimes to 

 -hare thi- odium 

 ( 'mint von \\ ' 

 <;>rman lone. 



mobilizing the Siberian and a part of the Euro- 

 pean troops, Russia made a display of military 

 power immensely greater than the whole army 

 that the allies threw into Pechili. The Russian 

 armv occupying Manchuria numbered 175,000 

 men. In its "attitude toward the Chinese dynasty 

 and people, the Russian Government assumed the 

 role of protector against European encroachments 

 as well as against internal disturbers. The friend- 



The Indian ship that had existed for centuries between the 

 Czar and the Son of Heaven obliged the Czar to 

 lend troops for the suppression of a revolt in the 

 Middle Kingdom, and these Russian troops had 

 occupied Pekin for the reestablishment of order, 



with two-thirds of the thus strengthening the fraternal friendship be- 

 i June after Gen. Bail- tween the Chinese and Russian rulers. Russian 

 ,',, 'ihi.'rVen'eh troops had already gone. The troops occupied Manchuria simply to preserve or- 



^ der, and their task would be to suppress brigand- 

 age and protect peaceful trade. The right of 

 Russia to exercise military and political authority 



*, 11 -Jl 



.- and Hritish forces were gradually with- 

 drawn The Japanese before leaving their quar- 

 of IVkin had in-tructcd a Chinese police force 



on retiming authority, engaged Japanese officials 

 to assist in organi/.ing the new civil administration 



. ; i A. A. A. 1 



o t-ike their place and the Chinese Government, in Manchuria was secured by a secret treaty long 



1 r _is_i_i_ before the present intervention of the powers. 

 When Manchuria was saved from Japan by the 



,- w holr'eitv a nil a Japanese colonel to com- intervention of Russia, with the officious backing 



mand the police. Trained Chinese troops from of other powers, which merely pretended to the 



Shantung and llonan were brought in to succeed Chinese to have any control in the matter, it was 



the allies throughout the province, and cooperated evident that this great and rich country would 



with them in each district before they were with- fall to the share of Russia. It was foreseen before 



drawn. IVkin was handed over to the Chinese the Japanese war that this would be the political 



rarlv in July. A new association, called the Lien- consequence of the building of the Siberian Rail- 



Chuang Hui, or Society of Allied Villages, took road. When the concession of seaports and the 



the place of the Boxer organization in the west right of way for the railroad were granted Ger- 



uth. and in eonsequence the French decided 

 m of 1.000 men at Paoting-Fu 

 A force of 3,000 imperial 



nd 



t.. n lain a IMI n- 

 until the autumn. 



many and Great Britain seized seaports as compen- 

 sation, and, by beginning the partition, brought 

 on the Boxer revolt. Great Britain, as well as 



tr>p- rould not. or would not, subdue a body of other powers, recognized Manchuria as a sphere 



- 



the-c new Boxers at Chiehau. The ministers, in 

 of the clause in the protocol which holds 

 high ollicials responsible for the existence of anti- 



ewly i 

 society 



of Russian influence, to compensate for which Ger- 



virtuc of the clause in the protocol which holds many sought a sphere in Shantung and Great 



Britain in the Yangtse basin, a region too vast 

 and rich for this claim of preemption to be made 

 good, especially when British enterprise shunned 

 this field, in which Belgian and French capitalists, 



foreign societies, called upon the newly installed 

 Chine-e authorities to suppress this society within 

 The new movement sread 



press 



a short limit of time. The new , , 



into Shantung, where the Governor put it down, with Russian political backing, began to build rail- 



roads and German and American goods crowded 

 British manufactures out of the market. Ger- 

 many secured in the Anglo-German agreement a 

 waiver of any exclusive commercial privileges that 

 England might claim in the Yangtse valley, but 



while more energetic commanders checked it in 

 IVchili. Officers of the dispersed imperial troops 

 took command of the new Boxer bands, which 

 persecuted cruelly the native Christians, compelled 

 the country people to join the society, and levied 

 on villages for supplies. 



restricted the agreement to ports and rivers where 

 The military at Taku and the other fortresses the parties have influence, and consequently de- 



dismantled them and removed war material, but 

 the decision to level their walls was not carried 

 out. because the ministers, yielding to the pa- 

 triotic objections of the Chinese ministers, omitted 

 thi* one of the demands of the powers from the 

 protocol. 



nied afterward that the agreement applied to Man- 

 churia, a Russian sphere in which Germany claims 

 no influence. Russia made use of the military 

 occupation of Manchuria to consolidate her politi- 

 cal influence, to introduce Russian administration, 

 and to promote the peaceful annexation of the 



IVkin had been in the possession of the allies country. Capital was poured in through the 



L*rnr \\ ln-ti itiA f liin<>^/. < r<i i*i>i^-/iii O AHA C ,,.,]...,, "r>-_, /"<i_ ' T^I IIT i i i 



n year when the Chinese garrison, 3,000 in number, 

 returned on Sept. 17, when the command of the 

 capital was formally surrendered to Prince Chin 



Russo-Chinese Bank, which developed mines and 

 by its discounts quickened the commerce of the 

 province, increasing production and bringing re- 



The Americans still retained possession of the markable prosperity at the time when rich dis 

 gate and the Japanese of the east gate. No tricts of Pechili were becoming depopulated and 

 her foreign troops remained in the capital, ex- turned into a wilderness. Russian taxes, the.survey 

 e legation guards, nor any in Pechili, ex- and registration of lands, Russian money, and the 

 the detachments at Shanhaikwan, Tientsin, assimilation of the administration to the Russian 

 FT points on the railroad. The evacuation system were introduced without friction. There 

 k place on Sept. 22, and the points was an ample supply of Russian officials who had 

 along tire route were successively evacuated. learned the Chinese, Mongolian, and Manchurian 

 icnurian Question. Russian inter- languages in the school at Ourga in Mongolia. 

 were so different from those of the The Russian troops were selected from tribes 

 ion* of the West, the policy of Rus- nearest akin to the Chinese and having the Bud- 

 ict, her diplomatic methods so much dhist religion. Russian colonization was begun 

 1 her influence so powerful, that by the settlement of 80,000 emigrants from Enro- 

 ling with the. Chinese court pean Russia along the Argun river in central Man- 

 ie plenipotentiaries at Pekin could not churia. The Chinese inhabitants of Manchuria 

 the court was influenced by became so well satisfied with Russian rule that 

 By they would not willingly go back to the former 



