CUBA. 



19T 



endanger the peace of the East by subjecting 

 Greece once more to the hostility of Turkey; 

 that the present arrangement tended, in the opin- 

 ion of the powers, to the material and moral prog- 

 ress of Crete owing to the exemption of the 

 island from heavy taxation and to the simplicity 

 and justice of its administration; and that any 

 alteration introduced so soon might prove injuri- 

 ous to public tranquillity by awakening the slum- 

 bering fears of the Moslem population. The 

 Prince replied in July, agreeing to accept a further 

 mandate after the expiration of the three years 

 for which he was originally appointed High Com- 

 missioner. In the address in reply to the Prince's 

 speech, the Boule promised that the Cretan peo- 

 ple would abstain from steps calculated to cause 

 excitement or to disturb public order. The dis- 

 satisfaction of the Assembly with the Prince's 

 Council was manifested as soon as M. Foumis 

 asked for its approval of the budget for 1898. 

 Documents referring to numerous objectionable 

 acts were demanded for the information of com- 

 mittees charged with the investigation of the en- 

 tire past administration. Whenever the Council- 

 ors appeared before the Assembly they had to 

 listen to censures of their inefficiency, extrava- 

 gance, and neglect of public works. When the 

 Prince asked to have the right of appointing 

 mayors entrusted to him instead of their being 

 elected by the people, thereby removing a cause 

 of popular excitement and dissension, the Boule 

 passed the desired measure, though by a narrow 

 majority. His desire for an unrestricted press 

 censorship was not gratified. In the beginning of 

 August the Councilor of Public Instruction re- 

 signed. A. Voreades was appointed to the place. 

 On Sept. 10 the Prince relieved the Councilors of 

 Justice and Finance of their functions, leaving 

 only one member of the original Council still in 

 office, the Councilor of the Interior. 



CUBA, an island in the West Indies, formerly 

 a Spanish colony, occupied by United States 

 troops in December, 1898, and administered by a 

 military Governor-General appointed by the Presi- 

 dent of the United States pending the establish- 

 ment by the Cubans of a settled government ca- 

 pable of fulfilling international obligations. By 

 the preliminaries of peace between Spain and the 

 United States, signed on Aug. 12, 1898, confirmed 

 by the definitive treaty of peace concluded at 

 Paris on Dec. 10, 1898, Spain relinquished all sov- 

 ereign rights over Cuba. The United States Gov- 

 ernment assumed the obligations for the protec- 

 tion of life and property for the time that the 

 military occupation lasts, and the Governor-Gen- 

 eral, who is commander-in-chief of the United 

 States forces in the island, controls every branch 

 of the civil as well as of the military administra- 

 tion. The military governors appointed for Ha- 

 vana and each of the provinces report to him 

 and act under his instructions. Brig.-Gen. Leonard 

 Wood succeeded Major-Gen. John R. Brooke as 

 Governor-General on Dec. 20, 1899. He is assisted 

 in civil affairs by a Cabinet composed in the be- 

 ginning of 1901 as follows: Agriculture, Com- 

 merce, and Industry, Perfecto Lacoste; Justice, 

 Sefior Berreiro ; Public Instruction, Senor Varona. 



The commander of the department of eastern 

 Cuba, with headquarters at Santiago, was Col. 

 Samuel M. Whitside; of the department of west- 

 ern Cuba, with headquarters at Quemados, Brig.- 

 Gen. Fitzhugh Lee. The island is divided for ad- 

 ministrative purposes into the provinces of Pinar 

 del Rio, Havana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto 

 Principe, and Santiago. The provinces are sub- 

 divided into 132 municipal districts, and these 

 into nearly 1,200 barrios. 



Area and Population. Tl ,o an-n of Cuba i* 

 estimated at 45,872 square rnilc^. A I-.MI.SIIS taken 

 by the United States military autlioriti. <,n Oct. 

 1C, 1899, makes the population of ihf i-!aml at 

 that date 1,572,797, compared \vith ; ;,; i;s7 at 

 the census of 1887, 1,509,291 in 1S77, 1 :;!;; .,;;<) j ri 

 1861, 1,007,024 in 1841, 704,487 in 1S>7 

 1817, 272,301 in 1792, and 172,020 in 177 l'. 

 number of colored inhabitants in 1800 wa.s 

 443, or 32.1 per cent., compared with 528 70S in 

 1887, 485,897 in 1877, 003,040 in 1801, 580,333, 

 being 58.5 per cent, of the population, in 1841 

 393,435 in 1827, 314,983 in 1817, 118,741 in 179^ 

 and 75,180, or 43.8 per cent, of the population, in 

 1774. The number of whites and others havin" 

 no negro blood was 1,067,354 in 1899, compared 

 with 1,102,889 in 1887, 1,023,394 in 1877, 793,484 

 in 1861, 418,291 in 1841, 311,051 in 1827, 257380 

 in 1817, 153,559 in 1792, and 96,440 in 1774. The 

 effect of the war of 1895-'98, in which two- 

 thirds of the wealth of the island was destroyed,, 

 was to decrease the population about 12 per cent. 

 Of the total population 89 per cent, were born in 

 Cuba, 8 per cent, in Spain, and 3 per cent, in other 

 countries. In the city of Havana 20 per cent, of 

 the inhabitants were of Spanish birth. The total 

 male population of voting age in 1899 was 417,993, 

 of whom 290,905 were Cuban citizens, 76,669 were 

 still in suspense, 9,500 claimed Spanish citizen- 

 ship, and 40,919 were foreign and unknown citi- 

 zens. Of these potential voters 70 per cent, were 

 Cuban citizens, 2 per cent, were Spanish citizens, 

 18 per cent, had not elected between Cuban and 

 Spanish citizenship, and 10 per cent, were citizens 

 of other countries or of unknown citizenship. 

 Among the Cuban citizens 59 per cent, were illit- 

 erate; among the Spanish, 12 per cent.; among 

 those in suspense, 22 per cent.; among the for- 

 eigners, 65 per cent. Of the persons of foreign 

 or unknown citizenship half were Chinese, etc., 

 and most of the rest were of Spanish birth. .Of 

 the Cuban citizens only 220 whites and about as 

 many colored were born outside of Cuba. Of 

 those of Cuban birth 184,471 were white and 

 106,214 colored. The total foreign population was 

 172,535, of whom 129,240 were Spaniards, 14,863 

 Chinese, 12,953 African negroes, 6,444 Americans, 

 1,968 Spanish-Americans, 1,279 French, 731 Brit- 

 ish, 501 Italians, 284 Germans, and 4,272 from 

 other countries. Of the foreigners 82 per cent, 

 were males, and over one-third lived in Havana, 

 the great majority being Spanish workmen at- 

 tracted to Cuba by high wages. The African ne- 

 groes were slaves smuggled into the island, most 

 of them obtained from Arab slave-traders in the 

 Congo region before the abolition of the slave- 

 trade in 1884. The total number of native 

 whites in 1899 was 910,299; blacks, 520,300; per- 

 sons of mixed blood, 270,805 ; foreign whites, 142,- 

 198; Chinese, 14,857. In regard to citizenship, 

 1,296,367 were Cuban, 20,478 Spanish, 175,811 un- 

 decided, 79,526 foreign, and 616 unknown. The 

 total population comprised 815,205 males and 

 757,592 females. Of the native white population, 

 447,372 were males and 462,926 females; of the 

 foreign white population, 115,760 were males and 

 26,458 females; of the negroes, 111,898 were 

 males and 122,740 females; of the mixed races, 

 125,500 were males and 145,305 females; of the 

 Chinese, 14,694 were males and 163 females. Of 

 the total population 1,108,709 persons were single, 

 246,351 married, and 131,787 living together by 

 mutual consent. The number of widows was 85,- 

 112. Of the total population 47.1 per cent, lived 

 in cities and towns of over 1,000 inhabitants. 

 The population of Havana province was 424.304; 

 of Matanzas, 202,444; of Pinar del Rio, 173,064; 



