206 



EAST AFRICA. 



tory conditions in Turkey, whence withdrawal 

 was advised; preaching in English and Spanish 

 Sunday-schools in Cuba; work in the Sandwich 

 Islands; and the beginning of missions in the 

 Philippine Islands, whither two missionaries had 

 been sent, while two others were under appoint- 

 ment. Several new buildings were in course of 

 erection in India, China, and Japan. 



The Church Extension Board reported that its 

 new receipts that is, moneys not derived from 

 interest on investments amounted to $55,274, 

 and that its fund amounted to $305,342. The re- 

 ceipts from interest amounted to $10,572. 



The Board of Ministerial Relief had received 

 $11,809 and expended $9,903, and had a permanent 

 fund of $18,799. The educational institutions of 

 the disciples include 12 colleges and universities, 

 3 Bible schools and Bible chairs, and 2 colored 

 schools, all returning together 293 instructors, 



and 5,248 students, 715 of whom were preparing 

 for the ministry, besides a few smaller schools 

 which had made no report. The general statis- 

 tical report for the year gave the number of 

 churches as 10,689; of ministers, 6,385; of com- 

 municants, 1,179,541; of Bible or Sunday-schools, 

 8,002, with a total enrolment of 774,450, showing 

 gains for the year of 161 churches, 42 ministers, 

 30,459 communicants, and 28,815 members of Sun- 

 day-schools. The number of Christian Endeavor 

 Societies is given as 5,277, or 276 more than in 

 1900. An estimate of the total amount raised by 

 the churches during the year, including contribu- 

 tions through all the societies and the State 

 boards, gives: For missionary purposes, $611,220; 

 for education and other benevolences, $220,652; 

 for local church work, $5,401,000; total, from all 

 sources, $6,332,872 representing a gain of $576,- 

 850 over the contributions of the previous year. 



E 



EAST AFRICA. The strip of coast over 

 which the Sultan of Zanzibar formerly exercised 

 sovereign rights was leased by him to Germany, 

 Great Britain, and Italy, and these three powers 

 subsequently made agreements dividing among 

 themselves the Hinterland, extending to the bor- 

 ders of the Congo State and the equatorial prov- 

 inces of Egypt. The coast strip recognized as be- 

 longing to the Sultan of Zanzibar extends from 

 Cape Delgado to Kipini on the Osi, and has a 

 breadth of 10 miles. The German East Africa 

 Company acquired in 1888 the right to administer 

 the part lying between the Rovuma and the Umba 

 rivers. Subsequently the British East Africa 

 Company leased for fifty years the coast from the 

 Umba northward to Kipini. The Anglo-German 

 convention of July 1, 1890, conceded to Great 

 Britain a protectorate over Zanzibar and Pemba 

 and a sphere of influence north of the Umba as 

 far as the Juba river, including the sultanate of 

 Vitu. On June 15 a British protectorate was 

 declared over the interior to the limits of Uganda, 

 and on June 30 of that year the British Govern- 

 ment took over the administration of the terri- 

 tories of the British East Africa Company and 

 placed them under the control of the consul-gen- 

 eral at Zanzibar. The company had on July 31, 

 1893, abandoned the territory situated between 

 the Tana and the Juba, which reverted to the 

 Sultan of Zanzibar, since October, 1891, a vassal 

 of Great Britain. By the Anglo-Italian agreement 

 of 1891 the Benadir coast, from the Juba river 

 northward, was recognized as within the Italian 

 sphere, and on Aug. 26, 1892, the Sultan of Zanzi- 

 bar ceded to Italy the stations of Brava, Merka, 

 .Mogadoscio, and Warsheikh. Previous to the 

 establishment of the German protectorate France 

 and Great Britain exercised a joint control over 

 Zanzibar for the suppression of the slave-trade 

 by sea, patrolling the neighboring waters with 

 their cruisers and taking the slave-dhows that 

 they captured as prizes into the port of Zanzibar. 

 The Sultan of Zanzibar with his Askaris kept the 

 caravan routes open for travel and trade as 

 far as the great lakes through stations now em- 

 braced in the German protectorate.. 



German East Africa. The German sphere 

 has an estimated area of 384,000 square miles, 

 with a population of 6,000,000 to 8,000,000. Ger- 

 man planters have coconut groves near the coast 

 and raise coffee, vanilla, tobacco, rubber, and ca- 

 cao. A railroad from Tanga to Karagwe and 

 Nomba has been begun, and 55 miles were opened 



on July 1, 1901. The Governor, residing at Dar- 

 es-Salam, is Major-Gen. Liebert. The expenditure 

 in 1899 was 9,708,000 marks, of which 3,008,000 

 marks were raised locally and 6,700,OuO marks 

 were contributed by the Imperial Government. 

 The value of the imports in 1899 was 10,822,586 

 marks. Imports of cotton stuffs were 4,824,912 

 marks, and the next largest imports were hard- 

 ware, groceries, rice, oil, kerosene, and liquors. 

 The value of exports w r as 3,937,150 marks, the 

 principal articles being rubber for 1,337,181 marks, 

 ivory and horns for 1,097,359 marks, oil-nuts for 

 289,994 marks, copal and gum for 277,442 marks, 

 and live animals for 137,885 marks. A syndicate 

 of German bankers has agreed to raise 22,000,000 

 marks for the construction of a railroad from 

 Dar-es-Salam to Mrogoro, 140 miles, the Govern- 

 ment guaranteeing 3 per cent, interest, granting 

 land and mining concessions for 62 miles on either 

 side, and the privilege of extending the railroad 

 to the lakes, and the company undertaking to 

 complete the railroad in five years and to turn it 

 over to the Government at the end of ninety-three 

 years. Traffic by this route, amounting to 600 

 tons a year, is now carried on by porters, who 

 bear loads of 50 kilograms. The Uganda Rail- 

 road will take away this business and the trade 

 of the German ports unless the Germans them- 

 selves build a railroad. The number of Euro- 

 peans in German East Africa at the beginning of 

 1901 was 1,078. There are 32 plantations of 

 coffee, coconut-palms, and hemp in the interior 

 and in the highlands of Usambara. Rubber, 

 ramie, and various tropical products have been 

 tried with success, and experiments are being 

 made with teak, sugar-cane, agave, vanilla, and 

 the breadfruit-tree. Tobacco has proved a failure. 

 About 75 tons of Mocha coffee were exported in 

 1900. Liberian coffee does not pay for transporta- 

 tion. East Indians grow rice and cotton in the 

 coast district. They have their passage paid and 

 are provided with land and implements. There 

 are 3,000 British Indians in the country. Of the 

 Europeans 821 are Germans, 385 of them being 

 officials, 227 missionaries, and 110 merchants. 

 The natives reaped good crops in 1900, and have 

 entirely recovered from the famine of 1898. On 

 Kilimanjaro and in other districts are large herds 

 of cattle, and where the herds are small the Gov- 

 ernment encourages the chiefs to breed more. 

 There are excellent wagon roads to the lakes. 

 Kilwakisiwani, once a famous and populous sea- 

 port known by the Portuguese name of Quiloa, 



