EAST AFRICA. 



207 



having a deep landlocked harbor, will be the 

 maritime terminus of a railroad to Lake ^yasa. 

 Dar-es-Salam, the capital of German East Africa, 

 has a safe and spacious harbor, and is a clean 

 and well-built town with a population of 300 

 Europeans and 21,000 -natives. The boundary be- 

 tween the German possessions and the British 

 sphere between Lake Nyasa and Lake Tangan- 

 yika has been fixed by a mixed commission under 

 the agreement of July 1, 1890. Beginning on 

 Lake Nyasa at the mouth of the Songwe, it fol- 

 lows this river up to its junction with the Ka- 

 lendo, then runs across to the southeast source of 

 the Samfue, follows this stream to its junction 

 with the Kalambo river, which constitutes the 

 boundary to its mouth in Lake Tanganyika. This 

 delimitation was embodied in an agreement signed 

 at Berlin on Feb. 23, 1901. 



British East Africa. The part of East Africa 

 that was first brought under British dominion is 

 the British East Africa Protectorate, containing 

 the strip of 10 miles of coast land leased from the 

 Sultan of Zanzibar by the British East Africa 

 Company and the Hinterland as far as the Vic- 

 toria Nyanza. The area is about 250,000 square 

 miles, and the population is estimated at 2,500,- 

 000. There are about 450 Europeans and Eura- 

 sians and 25,000 East Indians. The East Africa 

 Company handed over the administration to the 

 Imperial Government on June 30, 1895. The Im- 

 perial Commissioner is Sir C. N. E. Eliot, the con- 

 sul-general, residing at Zanzibar, under whom the 

 British consul at Mombasa, Col. Trevor Ternan, 

 has charge of the local administration. The rev- 

 enue was 43,841 in 1898, increasing to 69,400 

 in 1899, and in 1900 it was estimated at 77,500. 

 The imports in 1900 were 6,642,000 rupees in 

 value; 'exports, 1,825,000 rupees. The tonnage 

 entered in 1900 was 332,882. The chief exports 

 are ivory, rubber, cattle, goats, grain, copal, and 

 hides. Cotton cloth is imported from both Eng- 

 land and India. Other imports are provisions, 

 brass, and beads. The trade is carried on by Ban- 

 yan merchants with connections in Bombay. 

 Mombasa, the capital and chief port, had 27,000 

 inhabitants in 1900. The Uganda Railroad starts 

 there from Kilindini harbor, and telegraphs con- 

 nect the town with Uganda and Lamu, and a 

 cable with Zanzibar. The rails of the Uganda 

 Railroad were laid to within 65 miles of Lake Vic- 

 toria by August, 1901, and before April 1, 1902, 

 the whole line was expected to be completed. The 

 total length is 583 miles, and 483 miles were fin- 

 ished on April 1, 1901. The cost is now estimated 

 at 5,206,000. Towns have sprung up at the sta- 

 tions, but the natives do not use the railroad. In- 

 dian merchants, coolies, porters, troops, and 

 officials are the passengers, and the freight, except 

 a little ivory and country produce, consists of 

 public stores for the Uganda Protectorate and 

 articles for the consumption of the staff and la- 

 borers on the railroad. The people of the country 

 have no wants to supply, and the hope of future 

 traffic lies in the immigration of East Indians to 

 cultivate the fertile soil, or of Europeans into the 

 high regions on the last 300 miles of the railroad, 

 where domestic animals seem to thrive. A little 

 rubber and coffee may be exported by the numer- 

 ous populations living on the borders of the lake. 

 The receipts in the first year are expected to be 

 1,500,000 rupees, only half the expenses, and then 

 to decline gradually to nearly nothing in 1910; 

 after that a small revenue may be expected. The 

 value of the railroad is military. Without it 

 England could not hold the country around the 

 head waters of the Nile, or deal with the slave- 

 trade, which she is pledged to suppress in her 



sphere of influence. , As soon ;M tl,,. in.ntier be- 

 tween the British East Africa l'i o< .-1 ,,rate and 

 Abyssinia is determined and UK i-t-l.it.ions be- 

 tween the Uganda Protectorate and t| H piovinces 

 of the upper Nile are adjusted HUM. v.ili l, ; an 

 amalgamation of the two protectorate-, into a 

 single administration which the ('oloni.ii Oili.v 

 will control, instead of the Foreign Oili< <, as ;it, 

 present. The estimate voted by Parliament, tor 

 British East Africa in 1901 was "87,000. A sup- 

 plementary vote of 140,000 was required to pro- 

 vide for the punitive expedition against the So 

 malis. Two little wars were going on .simultane- 

 ously in the early part of 1901, one against the 

 Ogaden Somalis in Somaliland (see ABYSHIMA), 

 and one against the branch of that tribe on the 

 Juba river. A district officer named Jenner was 

 murdered in Jubaland in November, 1900, because 

 he had fined the Ogaden Sultan, Ahmed Murgan, 

 and imprisoned another chief. The Ogadens to 

 the number of 6,000 fighting men rose in revolt. 

 Col. Ternan organized at Kismayu a punitive ex- 

 pedition consisting of the Aden camel-corps, 2 

 mountain guns, 4 companies of Bombay infantry, 

 5 companies of East Africa rifles, and 2"companies 

 of armed porters. Starting from Kismayu on 

 Jan. 24, 1901, the column entered Afmadu on Feb. 

 5. The Sultan gave himself up on Feb. 7. His 

 brother and other chiefs, who were the real cul- 

 prits, fled to the north, and a flying column was 

 sent after them on Feb. 12. Marching 57 miles 

 in four days, the troops found the enemy, who at- 

 tacked and broke through one corner of the 

 square. Col. Maitland and 25 men were killed 

 and 40 wounded, and the troops, weakened by 

 heat and lack of water, retreated to Afmadu, 

 warding off several attacks and inflicting losses 

 on the tribesmen, from first to last estimated at 

 200. Other fortified posts were established to 

 prevent the Ogadens from crossing the Juba into 

 Italian territory and from bringing their herds 

 to water. Some Ogaden Somalis broke into Tana- 

 land, raiding villages and looting cattle until they 

 were stopped by Capt. A. S. Rogers with a local 

 levy assisted by a Soudanese company of the 

 East Africa rifles. The garrisons in Jubaland, 

 except those at Yonte and Kismayu, were with- 

 drawn in May, and the Indian troops were sent 

 back to India. All the officers were ill and many 

 deaths from sunstroke occurred. A fine was im- 

 posed on the Ogaden Somalis, but it was not paid. 

 The Sultan was carried off as a prisoner. An 

 advance made up the Juba was checked by the 

 Ogadens. The operations in Somaliland ceased 

 in August, when the Abyssinian forces were re- 

 called. A surveying expedition sent from Om- 

 durman to Lake Rudolf mapped the country, 

 part of it swamp and part desert, between Nasser 

 and the northern extremity of the lake, and came 

 out at Mombasa in the beginning of September, 

 three-quarters of the Soudanese escort having per- 

 ished. 



The protectorate of Uganda includes the native 

 kingdom of that name and all the other countries 

 beyond the Victoria Nyanza and Lake Rudolf as 

 far as the British sphere extends. The old 

 equatorial province of Egypt as far as Lado, or 

 Gondokoro, is included "in the British sphere, 

 which has an extent of about 140,000 square miles. 

 Uganda proper and the neighboring countries now 

 subject to British administration and military 

 control have a population of about 4.000,000, a 

 third of whom belong to the half-civilized Ba- 

 ganda nation. The Kabaka, or King of the Ba- 

 ganda, is Daudi Chua, a minor, whose authority 

 is deputed to three regents assisted by a Lu- 

 kiko, or native assembly. In the ten other prov- 



