EXPOSITION, THE PAX-AMERICAN. 



219 



with two smokestacks and masts, presenting its 

 starboard bow lapped by rising waves. Color, 

 light brown. 



The commemorative medal issued by the exposi- 

 tion authorities was one of unusual beauty, and 

 was struck under the direction of the United 

 States Treasury Department. The obverse showed 

 a finely modeled figure of a man standing with 

 his foot on the head of an eagle and his right 

 hand uplifted, as if to indicate that even the ani- 

 mal world had become subservient to him. The re- 

 verse contained the outline map of the two Amer- 

 icas, and the legend, " Pan-American Exposition, 

 Buffalo, New York, U. S., A., May 1, Nov. 1, M. D. 

 C. D. I.," and a monogram of the letters " P. A. E." 



The Pan-American Exposition flag was one of 

 the new features introduced at this exposition. It 

 was designed by Miss Adelaide J. Thorpe, was 

 quadrangular, and divided into three sections. 

 The triangle nearest the staff w r as blue, with the 

 north star upon it in white. The triangle at the 

 opposite corner was red, on which the four stars 

 of the Southern Cross were set in white. The 

 parallelogram between the triangles was white, 

 on which a gold eagle was depicted, having over 

 its head a rising sun, which is found on the flags 

 of the Argentine Republic, Bolivia, Costa Rica, 

 Peru, Uruguay, and the Greater Kepublic of Cen- 

 tral America. The intertwined palm branch and 

 pine, on which the feet of the eagle rested, ex- 

 pressed the union of North and South. A ribbon 

 bearing the motto "PAX 1901 " was inter- 

 woven between the palm branch and the pine. 

 The purpose of the flag was to give expression of 

 the policy of a great group of powerful and en- 

 lightened nations. 



Opening Exercises. The opening of the ex- 

 position was set' for May 1, but the disagreeable 

 weather that had prevailed during the spring, as 

 well as the incomplete condition of the exposition 

 at that time, led to the postponing of the formal 

 opening until May 20. On May 1, however, direct 

 telegraphic communication was established with 

 President McKinley, who was in Memphis, Tenn., 

 and at two o'clock, Buffalo time, he touched the 

 electric button that started the machinery of the 

 exposition, also transmitting his "congratula- 

 tions to the citizens of Buffalo upon the auspi- 

 cious opening of the Pan-American Exposition, so 

 rich in blossom and ripe in expectations. May 

 the hopes and ambitions of its promoters be real- 

 ized to the fullest measure." .Forty-five aerial 

 bombs were fired, one in honor of each State of 

 the Union, and the flags on all the buildings were 

 unfolded to the breeze. Later in the afternoon 

 of May 1 the Government Building was formally 

 opened, and was declared to be the most complete 

 of any exhibit ever presented to the people of the 

 United States. The formal opening, which took 

 place on May 20, began with a parade, under the 

 command of Gen. S. M. Welch, which included 

 several thousand troops, with four bands, after 

 which were a hundred carriages with officials and 

 guests, and then followed the picturesque repre- 

 sentatives of the Midway, who marched from the 

 City Hall to the Esplanade in front of the Temple 

 of Music. The dedicatory exercises, which were 

 held inside the hall, included an opening prayer 

 by the Right Rev. C. H. Fowler, bishop of the 

 'Methodist Episcopal Church; an address by Con- 

 rad Diehl, mayor of Buffalo; a poem written for 

 the occasion by Robert C. Rogers; an address by 

 Theodore Roosevelt, Vice-President of the United 

 States in the course of which he said : " More 

 and more we are learning that to love one's coun- 

 try above all others is in no way incompatible 

 with respecting and wishing well to all others, and 



that, as between man and m: '\\een na- 



tion and nation, there should live nut law 



of right. These are the gosiU ;,.h we 



strive, and let us at least eann'-t, ,or to 



realize them here on this continent' . m ; , MIVSH 

 by Henry Cabot Lodge, United St?U< cn;lor 

 from Massachusetts, who, after rcfenin^ 

 value of modern expositions as brin<.'-iu^ ,i!,.. 

 better understanding between people- wide] 

 moved, added, while discussing the rebilior'i- of 

 the United States with the other American repub- 

 lics: "We desire that you should regard Ilie 

 United States as your best friend. We seek no ex- 

 tension to the southward. We desire nothing that 

 is yours. We ask only for your friendship, for 

 your commerce, and for your "good-will. We also 

 earnestly hope that you will unite with us in the 

 support of what we believe to be the true policy 

 for America, both North and South. That policy 

 is expressed in the Monroe doctrine, and carries 

 with it the purpose of drawing close the bonds be- 

 tween the continents and extending the belief in 

 the solidarity of American interests"; a poem 

 written for the occasion by Frederic Almy; an 

 address by Timothy Woodruff, Lieutenant-Gov- 

 ernor of New York; and a benediction by the 

 Right Rev. William D. Walker, Bishop of West- 

 ern New York. 



Mr. Milburn, who presided over the exercises, 

 read telegrams of congratulation from the Presi- 

 dent of Argentina, the Governor-General of Can- 

 ada, the President of Colombia, the. President of 

 the Dominican Republic, the President of Ecua- 

 dor, the President of Haiti, the Governor of Ja- 

 maica, the Governor of Martinique, the President 

 of Nicaragua, the President of Paraguay, the 

 President of Peru, and the President of Uruguay. 

 Mr. McKinley said : " I send you greetings from 

 the shores of the Pacific, with fervent prayers for 

 the benediction of heaven upon this beneficent en- 

 terprise, with sincere congratulations to all those 

 whose energy and devotion have brought it to 

 pass, and with heartfelt welcome to our guests 

 from our sister republics, to whom we wish con- 

 tinued and abundant prosperity. May there bp 

 no cloud upon this grand festival of peace and 

 commerce, no thought of rivalry except that gen- 

 erous competition in useful arts and industries 

 which benefits all." 



At the conclusion of the exercises in the Tem- 

 ple of Music there was a grand display of day 

 fireworks on the Esplanade and about the Court 

 of Fountains. There was first a salute of 125 

 aerial guns fired from steel mortars. At the same 

 time 27 12-foot gas balloons, each lettered with 

 the name of one of the Pan-American countries 

 and carrying below the flag of its country, were 

 released. Forty-five aerial rockets were fired, one 

 for each State in the Union. There was also a 

 magnificent display of Japanese daylight fire- 

 works, Oriental kite displays, daylight bomb 

 cloud-shells setting free American and Pan- 

 American flags with souvenirs of dedication day, 

 and finally a grand salute of 500 large guncotton 

 rockets. In the evening a display of fireworks 

 from the shore of Park Lake and an illumination 

 of the buildings and the tower terminated the fes- 

 tivities. 



Juries and Awards. In July and August a 

 series of juries convened in Buffalo and examined 

 the exhibits. Before the close of the exposition 

 announcement was made that 3,193 awards were 

 made, distributed as follows: Gold medals, 887; 

 silver, 1,159; bronze, 1,147; and honorable men- 

 tions, 1,384. Distributed according to nation- 

 alities, the United States came first, having re- 

 ceived 601 gold medals, 663 silver, 562 bronze, and 



