GERMANY. 



269 



< 5.04 per 



;>n<l slate 



There 



'.> 448 



which 74,954, of 16,484,043 tons, had cargoes and 

 11,660, of 1,220,781 tons, were in -ballast; the num- 

 ber cleared was 87,637, of 17,812,760 tons, of 

 which 64,187, of 12,010,004 tons, carried cargoes 

 and 23,450, of 5,802,756 tons, sailed in ballast. Of 

 the total number entered with cargoes 55,552, of 

 8,747,695 tons, were German, and 19,402, of 7,736,- 

 348 tons, were foreign, including 5,365 British, of 

 4,440,757 tons; 4,233 Swedish, of 1,006,073 tons; 

 5,078 Danish, of 860,099 tons: 1,635 Norwegian, of 

 695,110 tons; 2,273 Dutch, of 330,558 tons; and 

 592 Russian, of 197,138 tons. Of the total num- 

 ber entered in ballast 9,462, of 778,527 tons, were 

 German, and 2,198, of 442,254 tons, were foreign. 

 Of the total number cleared with cargoes 50,899, 

 of 7,659,547 tons, were German, and 13,288, of 

 4,350,457 tons, were foreign, including 3,044 Brit- 

 ish, of 2,035,864 tons; 2,717 Swedish, of 724,891 

 tons; 4,466 Danish, of 716,624 tons; 891 Norwe- 

 gian, of 347,095 tons; 1,642 Dutch, of 265,143 

 tons; and 373 Russian, of 134,507 tons. Of the 

 vessels cleared in ballast 15,193, of 2,024,947 tons, 

 were German and 8,257, of 3,777,809 tons, were 

 foreign. 



The German merchant navy on Jan. 1, 1900, 

 comprised 2,466 sailing vessels, of 587,639 tons, 

 of which 2,066, of 548,918 tons, belonged to North 

 Sea ports, and 400, of 38,721 tons, to Baltic ports; 

 and 1,293 steamers, of 1,150,159 tons, of which 

 853, of 970,130 tons, belonged to North Sea ports, 

 and 440, of 180,029 tons, to Baltic ports. Of the 

 total number of sailing vessels 47 were over 2,000 

 tons, 202 between 1,000 and 2,000, 109 between 

 500 and 1,000, 306 between 100 and 500, and 1,802 

 under 100; while of the steamers 154 were under 

 100, 352 between that and 500, 251 from 500 to 

 1,000, 212 from 1,000 to 2,000, and 324 2,000 tons 

 and over. Of the sailing vessels 619 and of the 

 steamers 1J901 were built entirely of steel or iron. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 total length of railroads in the German Empire in 

 1898 was 30,950 miles, representing a capital of 

 12,224,549,000 marks. The gross receipts hT1898 

 were 1,849,094,000 marks, and the expenses were 



1,123,413,000 marks. The m 



cent, on the capital. The Imi/.i 



Governments owned all except, :!.'!.' 



were 995 miles of narrow-gage lin. 



miles were Government linen. The, r, aH . 



sengers carried in 1898 was 762,S i!.u)' 



488,225,000 marks; tons of freight., .' ! 



paying 1,162,017,000 marks. The totni le/.^t.h <>i" 



railroads in 1900, including narrow-gage lines 



31,158 miles. 



The number of letters that passed through the: 

 imperial post-office during 1899 was l,390,643,(i;>(); 

 of postal cards, 715,099.110; of book packets, 723,- 

 457,460; of circulars, 51,393,650; of remittances. 

 117,409,961; of post-office orders, 5,175,760; of 

 newspapers, 1,083,749,052; of parcels, 157,605,305; 

 of money packets, 2,909,737; of money letters, 

 8,651,975; value of money sent, 23,726,074,611 

 marks. The Bavarian -post-office forwarded 151,- 

 566.120 letters, 47,472,380 postal cards, 70,279,174 

 book packets, 4,453,530 circulars, 11,836,273 postal 

 remittances, 515,751 post-office orders, 212,598,266 

 newspapers, 15,162,867 parcels, 412,781 money 

 packets, 1,011,519 money letters; amount of 

 money sent, 2,477,599,763 marks. " The Wttrtem- 

 berg post-office handled 61,063,990 letters, 30,323,- 

 670 postal cards, 36,053,051 book packets, 1,425,- 

 580 circulars, 5,679,559 remittances, 214,331 post- 

 office orders, 54,627,438 newspapers, 8,276,658 par- 

 cels, 253,968 money packets, and 559,806 money 

 letters; value of money sent, 1,063,328,322 marks. 



The length of the imperial telegraph-lines in 

 1899 was 65,100 miles, with 251,615 miles of wire; 

 number of internal messages sent, 28,731,112; for- 

 eign messages, 11,134,856. The length of the Ba- 

 varian lines was 9,885 miles, with 27,013 miles of 

 wire; internal messages, 2,510,493; foreign mes- 

 sages, 1,265,199. The Wiirtemberg lines had a 

 length of 2,925 miles, with 7,147 miles of wire; 

 internal messages, 1,265,199; foreign messages, 

 236,976. The receipts of the imperial postal and 

 telegraph services in 1899 were 373,633,901 marks, 

 and expenses 332,105,216 marks; receipts of the 

 Bavarian services were 34,113,275 marks, and ex- 

 penses 29,263,684 marks; receipts in Wurtemberg 

 were 15,693,462 marks, and expenses 13,519,492 

 marks; total postal and telegraph receipts of Ger- 

 many, 493,440,638 marks; total expenses, 374,888,- 

 392 marks. There were 21,774 miles of local tele- 

 phone-lines with 276,330 miles of wire in 1899, 

 over which 540,324,386 conversations were held. 

 The length of long-distance lines was 16,710 miles, 

 with 107,730 miles of wire; number of conversa- 

 tions, 81,071,442. 



Legislation. The commercial treaties ap- 

 proved by the Reichstag in 1891 and 1892 were 

 vigorously opposed by the Agrarians, who in 

 1894 compassed the fall of Count von Caprivi, the 

 Chancellor that carried them through, and since 

 then the Agrarian League has kept up an agita- 

 tion in favor of a more effective protection of 

 agricultural products. The Agrarians in the 

 Reichstag and the Prussian Landtag constitute 

 the bulk of the two Conservative parties and a 

 large section of the Clerical Center. Prince Ho- 

 henlohe throughout his chancellorship was fre- 

 quently called to account by the Agrarians for his 

 alleged indifference to agricultural interests. They 

 defeated the canal bill in the Landtag session of 

 1899 and altered the meat inspection bill from a 

 sanitary measure to one practically putting a 

 stop to the importation of foreign meat. The 

 navy bill could hardly be passed without a pledge 

 on the part of the Government to increase the 

 duties on cereals, and it was hopeless to attempt 

 to secure the sanction of the Prussian Chambers 

 for the canal bill, which the Government was de- 



