284: 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



of males was 15,721,728, and of females 16,804,347, 

 showing ail excess of 1,082.019 females, compared 

 with 896,723 in 1891, the increase being partly 

 due to the drain of men to South Africa. The 

 population of Scotland in 1901 was 4,471,957, an 

 increase of 440,310, or 11.1 per cent., against 7.8 

 per cent, in the last decennium, and 11.2 in the one 

 preceding. The excess of births over deaths in 

 Scotland for the ten years was 499.768, showing 

 a loss of 53,4.18 by excess of emigration over im- 

 migration. The population of Ireland was 4,456,- 

 546, showing a decline in ten years of 248,204, or 

 5.3 per cent., compared with 9.1 per cent, between 

 1881 and 1891. and 4.4 per cent, between 1871 and 

 1881. The excess of births over deaths in Ire- 

 land in the last ten years was 218,222, showing 

 a loss by emigration of 466,426. The population 

 of the Isle of Man declined in the ten years from 

 55,608 to 54,758, or 1.5 per cent., compared with 

 3.8 per cent, in the previous decennium. The 

 population of Jersey decreased from 54,518 to 

 52.796, or 3.2 per cent., against an increase of 

 4 per cent, in the previous ten years. The popu- 

 lation of Guernsey increased from 35,289 in 1891 

 to 40,477 in 1901, or at the rate of 14.7 per cent., 

 compared with 8.1 per cent, between 1881 and 

 1891. In Alderney the population was 2,062, a 

 gain of 11 per cent., compared with a loss of 9.3 

 per cent, in the previous decennium. The island 

 of Sark had 506 inhabitants, a decline of 11.2 per 

 cent. The aggregate population of the islands 

 in the British seas was 150,599, showing an in- 

 crease of 1.9 per cent., compared with 4.7 per cent, 

 from 1881 to 1891. The urban population in Eng- 

 land and Wales w r as 77 per cent, of the whole. 

 The population of Liverpool was 684,947 ; of Man- 

 chester, 543,969; of Birmingham, 522,182. In 9 

 towns of 250,000 population and upward, includ- 

 ing London, the rate of increase was 12.48 per 

 cent.; in 24 having between 100,000 and 250,000 

 it was 44.61 per cent.; in 42 having from 50,000 to 

 100,000 it was 14.06 per cent.; in 141 having from 

 20,000 to 50,000 it was 19.52 per cent.; in 219 

 having from 10,000 to 20,000 it was 17.20 per 

 cent. ; in 472 having from 3,000 to 10,000 there was 

 a decrease of 3.51 per cent.; and in 215 having 

 less than 3,000 the mean decrease was 12.93 per 

 cent. The 1,122 urban districts, the number 

 having increased from 1,011 in 1891 and 967 in 

 1881, the mean rate of growth was 15.22 per 

 cent. 



The number of marriages in England and Wales 

 in 1899 was 261,963; of births, 928,640; of deaths, 

 541,824; excess of births, 376,816. The birth rate 

 has fallen from 35.6 per mille in 1878 to 29.3 in 

 1899. In Scotland the number of marriages in 

 1899 was 32,935; of births, 130,656; of deaths, 

 79,548; excess of births, 51,108. The number of 

 marriages in Ireland was 22,192; of births, 103,- 

 815; of deaths, 79,772; excess of births, 24,043. 

 The emigration from the British islands from 

 1853 to 1899 was 8,695,931, of whom 5,782,654 

 went to the United States, 902,149 to British 

 America, 1.421.535 to Australia and New Zealand, 

 and 589,593 to other places. The number of emi- 

 grants, including foreigners, who sailed from 

 British ports in 1900 was 299,238, compared with 

 240,696 in 1899. The total in 1899 consisted of 

 139,491 males and 101,205 females. In that year 

 there were 162,111 immigrants, making the net 

 emigration 78,585. The emigrants in 1899 of 

 British and Irish birth numbered 146,362, and 

 the immigrants of British and Irish birth 100,246, 

 making the net emigration from the British 

 islands 46,116. The number of Irish who left Ire- 

 land in 1899 was 41,232, compared with 32,241 

 in 1898. The total number from 1851 to the end 



of 1899 was 3,796,131. The number of British and 

 Irish emigrants in 1899 was 169,465, an increase 

 of 23,103 over the preceding year. Of the total 

 number 103,055 were English, an increase of 15,- 

 655 ; 20,502 were Scotch, an increase of 4,430 ; and 

 45,908 were Irish, an increase of 3,018. Of the 

 number of emigrants, natives and foreigners, in 

 1900 the number who sailed to the United States, 

 was. 189,447; to British America, 50,445; to Aus- 

 tralasia, 15,782; to other countries, 43,564. 



Finances. The revenue for the year ending 

 March 31, 1900, was estimated in the budget at 

 111,157,000, and the expenditure, including sup- 

 plementary estimates, at 134,671,823. The 

 actual revenue was 119,839,905, and the actual 

 expenditure w^as 133,722,407, leaving a deficit 

 of 13,882,502. Receipts from taxation, includ- 

 ing customs, excise, and estate duties, the land 

 tax, the house duty, and the income and property 

 tax produced 98,496,312, and the non-tax rev- 

 enue, derived from the postal and telegraph serv- 

 ices, Crown lands, interest on Suez Canal shares, 

 and miscellaneous sources, was 20,136.623, 

 making the total net receipts 118,632,935. The 

 net revenue from customs was 23,043,472, of 

 which 10,885,922 were collected on imports of 

 tobacco, 4,628,946 on tea, 2,470,802 on rum, 

 1,518,231 on brandy, 909,896 on other spirits, 

 1,729,540 on wine, 191,509 on coffee, 220,034 

 on raisins, 124,410 on currants, 151,220 on 

 cocoa, and 212,962 on other dutiable imports. 

 The net excise receipts were 31,808,704, of which 

 19,335,360 were collected on spirits, 11,887,923 

 on beer, 249,439 on license duties, 328,160 from 

 railroads, and 7,822 from other, sources. Estate 

 and death duties produced 13,909,313, of which 

 9,865,538 came from the estate duty, 31,490 

 from the temporary estate duty on property of 

 persons dying before August, 1894, 47,220 from 

 the probate duty on such estates, 3,215,227 from 

 the legacy duty, 704,030 from the succession 

 duty, and 45,808 from the corporation duty. 

 Stamps produced 8,429,471, of which 4,265,460 

 were paid on deeds, 1,431,306 on receipts, 704,- 

 023 on bills of exchange, 288,827 on patent medi- 

 cines, 170,267 on licenses, 581,328 on the capi- 

 tal of companies, 305,284 on bonds to bearer, 

 237,462 on insurances, and 445,514 from mis- 

 cellaneous sources. The yield of the land tax 

 was 8,429,471; of the house duty, 739,493; of 

 the property and income tax, 18,867,336. Of the 

 non-tax revenue 13,192,020 came from the post- 

 office, 3,389,746 from the telegraph service, 

 459,708 from Crown lands, 834,003 from inter- 

 est on Suez Canal shares belonging to the Gov- 

 ernment, 947,244 from fee stamps, 815,452 

 from the mint, 176,368 from the Bank of Eng- 

 land, and 322,082 from various other sources. 

 The expenditure under the three main heads was 

 25,951,406 for consolidated fund charges, 69,- 

 600,000 for the army and navy supply services, 

 and 38,171,000 for the civil and miscellaneous 

 services, including the cost of collection.. Of the 

 consolidated fund charges 23,000,000 were for the 

 national debt, 216,657 for interest on the war 

 debt outside of the fixed charge, 409,060 for the 

 civil list, 272,869 for annuities and pensions, 

 78,897 for salaries, 518,654 for courts of jus- 

 tice, and 305,330 for miscellaneous payments. 

 The cost of the army was 43,552,900, and 47,- 

 100 besides for ordnance factories; cost of the 

 navy, 26,000,000; civil services, 22,530,000; cus- 

 toms and inland revenue, 2,800,000; post-office, 

 8,480,000; telegraph service, 3,601,000; packet 

 service, 760,000. The extraordinary expenditures 

 under various acts of Parliament were 150,000 

 for barracks, 290,000 for telegraphs, 1,034,000 



