300 GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



miles, and the population is about 4,000. The 

 revenue in 1899 was 11.593; expenditure, 11,- 

 432; imports, 91,099; exports 4,592. Tristan 

 da Cunha, (Jouyhs Island, Inaccessible, and 

 Nightingale Island are rocky isles in the Atlantic 

 inhabited by descendants of British sailors. 

 Ascension Island, northwest of St. Helena, is a 

 coaling station and sanitarium for the war vessels 

 on the west coast of Africa. The Falkland 

 Islands, near the Straits of Magellan, hare an 

 area of (1,500 square miles and 1,759 inhabitants, 

 British settlers who export wool, hides and skins, 

 and tallow. The revenue in 1899 was 13,219; 

 imports, 73,978; exports, 139,203. 



The Bermudas are a group of 300 small islands 

 in the north Atlantic, 580 miles east of Cape 

 Hatteras, having a total area of 20 square miles 

 and a population in 1899 of 10,423 persons, ^ of 

 whom 0.2S2 were whites and the rest colored. The 

 Governor in 1901 was Gen. G. Digby Barker. The 

 revenue for 1899 was 39,955, and expenditure 

 39.243; imports, 394,388; exports, 119,151, 

 consisting of early onions, potatoes, and tomatoes 

 sent to the American market, and lilies for Easter 

 decoration. The revenue in 1900 was 40,124; ex- 

 penditure, 47,532; debt 49,000. The imports 

 were 397,136, 63 per cent, coming from the 

 United States and 27 per cent, from Canada; ex- 

 ports, 93,709. About 3,000 Americans visit Ber- 

 muda in the winter. On an average 3,000 imperial 

 troops are stationed there. In 1901 many Boer 

 prisoners from South Africa were brought to this 

 colony. The tonnage of vessels entered and cleared 

 in 1900 was 729,832. 



British Guiana has a legislative body called the 

 Court of Policy, composed of 7 official and 8 elect- 

 ive members, to which 6 more elective representa- 

 tives are added to form the combined court, which 

 decides questions of taxation and expenditure. 

 The Governor in 1901 was Sir Walter J. Sendall. 

 The area of the colony is about 120,000 square 

 miles, with a population of 278,328, including 

 2,533 Europeans, 99,615 Africans, 3,714 Chinese, 

 and 105,463 East Indians. There were 8,500 births 

 and 9,706 deaths in 1898. The revenue in 1899 was 

 538,838, and expenditure 525,542. The sugar 

 estates occupy only 69,814 acres, and very little 

 other land is cultivated. The gold-mines produced 

 112,464 ounces in 1899, and 112,823 ounces in 1900, 

 against 125,080 ounces in 1898 and 126,702 ounces 

 in 1897. The value of imports in 1900 was 1,- 

 318,701; exports, 1,927,960. Steam dredging for 

 gold has been begun on the Barima river, and if 

 successful will be attempted on the Cuyuni and 

 other rivers. The output of gold in the year end- 

 ing June 30, 1901, was 109,207 ounces. There 

 were 15,563 laborers employed in the gold-mines. 

 Diamond mining was begun in 1900, mainly in the 

 Mazarini fields, which are more extensive than 

 was first supposed, the diamonds occurring under 

 similar conditions to the Brazilian deposits. The 

 planters are opposed to the development of the 

 interior, fearing that it will draw coolies away 

 from the coast. Jute and rice are new industries. 

 Ochre and cement are being developed. The for- 

 ests are full of valuable timber. Sugar, the only 

 product cultivated for export, does not occupy 

 more than 70,000 acres, and the whole cultivated 

 area is only 352,000 acres, not a sixtieth of the 

 iertile area. 



British Honduras has an area of 7,562 square 

 miles and 35,226 inhabitants, of whom 501 are 

 whites and the rest negroes and colored. The 

 Governor in 1901 was Col. Sir David Wilson. The 

 revenue in 1899 was 51,535, and expenditure 

 53,994. The value of imports in 1899 was 212,- 

 237; and of exports 263,090. The export of ma* 



GREECE. 



hogany was 6,499,168 feet; of logwood, 24,098 

 tons. Bananas, plantains, and coconuts are 

 shipped to New Orleans. Some coffee is grown, 

 and there is a transit trade in vanilla, rubber, 

 coffee, and sarsaparilla. United States gold was 

 adopted as the money standard in 1864, but the 

 currency in circulation is- mostly Government 

 notes and silver. 



The principal colonies and dependencies of the 

 British Empire are elsewhere described (see AUS- 

 TRALASIA, CANADA, EAST AFRICA, INDIA, NEW- 

 FOUNDLAND, SOUTH AFRICA, WEST AFRICA, 

 WEST INDIES). 



GREECE, a monarchy in southeastern Europe. 

 The legislative authority is vested in a single 

 chamber called the Boule, composed of 207 mem- 

 bers sleeted for four years by universal adult male 

 suffrage. The reigning King is Georgios I, born 

 Dec. 24, 1845, second son of King Christian of 

 Denmark, elected King of the Hellenes on March 

 18, 1808, after the deposition of King Otto, with 

 the approval of the protecting powers England, 

 France, and Russia. The heir apparent is Kon- 

 stantinos, Duke of Sparta, the eldest son of the 

 King and Queen Olga, daughter of the Russian 

 Grand Duke Constantjne, born Aug. 2, 1808, who 

 married the Princess Sophia of Prussia, sister of 

 the Emperor Wllhelm II. The Cabinet first con- 

 stituted on April 14, 1899, was composed in the 

 beginning of 1901 as follows: President of the 

 Council and Minister of the Interior, G. N. Theo- 

 tokis; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Athos Ro- 

 manos; Minister of Worship and Education, S. B. 

 Stais; Minister of War, Col. Nicolas Tsamados; 

 Minister of Marine, Basil Boudouris; Minister of 

 Justice, N. Karapavlos; Minister of Finance, A. N. 

 Simopoulos. 



Area and Population. The area of the Hel- 

 lenic Kingdom is 25,014 square miles, with a popu- 

 lation of 2,433,806. Including the Greeks of the 

 Turkish Empire, estimated at 4,000,000 in Euro- 

 pean Turkey, 2,000,000 in Asia Minor, and 550,000 

 in Crete, Cyprus, Samos, and other islands, the 

 people of Greek nationality are believed to num- 

 ber about 8,750,000. 



Finances. The mediating powers which ar- 

 ranged peace between Greece and Turkey guaran- 

 teed a loan of 170,000,000 drachmas, exacting as 

 the condition that the revenues from the salt, 

 petroleum, matches, playing-cards, and other 

 monopolies, the tobacco duty, the stamp-duty, 

 and the import duties of the port of Pirseus, 

 should be assigned for the payment of interest on 

 the external debt to an international commis- 

 sion consisting of representatives of Germany, 

 Austria-Hungary, France, Great Britain, Italy, 

 and Russia. Out of the loan a war indemnity of 

 93,930,000 drachmas was paid to Turkey, 31,350,- 

 000 drachmas were applied to the redemption of 

 the floating gold debt, 2,440,000 drachmas went 

 to settle other obligations, and 21,960,000 

 drachmas were given to the Government to meet 

 the deficit of 1897, leaving about 20,000 ,900 

 drachmas available for balancing succeeding 

 budgets. The revenue in 1897 was 98,461,708 

 drachmas, and the expenditure was 137,050,965 

 drachmas. In 1898 the revenue was stated ap- 

 proximately to be 107,085,658 drachmas, and the 

 expenditure 101,988,039 drachmas. For 1899 the 

 budget estimate of revenue was 107,085,658 

 drachmas, and of expenditure 103,418,273 drach- 

 mas. The estimate of revenue for 1900 was 22,- 

 856,000 drachmas from direct taxes, 40,482,000 

 drachmas from customs and excise, 20,327,400 

 drachmas from stamps and fees, 12,710,750 

 drachmas from monopolies, 4,439,690 drachmas 

 from state property, 1,051,600 drachmas from sales 



