HAWAII. 



States, 28 per cent, by Great Britain, 24 per cent, 

 by Germany, and per cent, by Fiance. The 

 chief imports are cotton cloth. Hour, provisions, 

 drinks, and iron manufactures. The duties on 

 imported goods were lowered 30 per cent., and the 

 period was extended in August by a Government 

 decree till Dec. 31, 11)01. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. Guate- 

 mala la Nueva, the capital, of whose 72,000 in- 

 habitants 80 per cent, are of European birth or 

 descent, is connected by a railroad, 85 miles in 

 length, with Escuintla and San Jose, and a new 

 one connecting it with Port Barrios has been 



partly constructed by American engineers. The 

 Central American Improvement Company has un- 

 dertaken to complete the line, 210 miles in total 

 length, receiving 500,000 acres of land and the 

 right to operate the railroad for ten years, after 

 which it will be turned over to the Government 

 for the agreed price of $4,000,000. The railroad 

 connecting the capital with the port of Iztapa, on 

 the Pacific, has already been built. 



The post-office in 1899 received 5,684,613 letters, 

 newspapers, and other pieces of mail-matter, and 

 despatched 4,051,823. There were 3,400 miles of 

 telegraphs in 1899; number of messages, 796,192. 



H 



HAWAII, a Territory of the United States, 

 formerly an independent kingdom, proclaimed a 

 republic* in 1S94 after the abdication of Queen 

 Liliuokalani, and formally annexed to the United 

 States on Aug. 12, 1898, in accordance with a 

 joint resolution of the United States Congress, 

 an annexation treaty having been signed at Wash- 

 ington on June 16, 1897, by the Secretary of 

 State and envoys of the Hawaiian Republic. On 

 June 14, 1900, the islands were organized as a 

 Territory of the United States in accordance with 

 the act of Congress approved April 30, 1900, which 

 admitted to citizenship of the United States all 

 persons who at the date of the proclamation of an- 

 nexation were citizens of the Hawaiian Republic. 

 Sanford B. Dole, President of the Hawaiian Re- 

 public, was appointed Governor of the Territory. 



Area and Population. The islands have an 

 area of 6,740 square miles, with a population esti- 

 mated in 1898 at 117,281. At the census of June 

 14, 1900, the population was 154,001. In 1896 it 

 was 109,020, of which number 7,570 were engaged 

 in agriculture, 2,100 in fishing and navigation, 

 2.265 in industry, 2,031 in commerce and trans- 

 portation, 2,580 in the liberal professions, 4,310 

 in various occupations, 34,498 were laborers, and 

 53,726 were without occupation. The number of 

 immigrants in 1898 was 17,229 and the number 

 of emigrants 7,313. In 1899 the immigration 

 was 20,245. 



Finances. The revenue in 1899 was $3,345,- 

 231, of which $1,295,628 were derived from cus- 

 toms, $1,068,117 from taxation, and $981,486 from 

 internal-revenue duties. The expenditure for the 

 public debt was $260,976; for education, $340,- 

 073; for the military, $37,383; for public works, 

 $372,415; for sanitary works, $246,145; for jus- 

 tice, $308,215. The debt of the former Govern- 

 ment was $4,890,351 at the end of 1899. By the 

 resolution of Congress the United States assumed 

 the debts of the former republic not to exceed $4,- 

 000,000. 



Commerce and Production. The principal 

 product is sugar, and next to that rice, but coffee 

 and bananas are exported, and hides and skins 

 and wool in small quantities. The value of sugar 

 exported in 1899 was $21,898,190, amounting 

 nearly to 97 per cent, of the total exports, which 

 were $22,628,000 in value, while imports were 

 valued at $19,059,000. The value of coffee ex- 

 ported was $132,347; of bananas, $84,268; of rice, 

 $42,562. Of the exports 99.5 per cent, went to the 

 United States, whence were brought 78.8 per cent. 

 of the imports, and from Groat Britain 11.25 per 

 cent. The imports are for the most part groceries 

 and provisions, flour, clothing, timber, machinery, 

 hardware, and cotton cloth. In 1900 the value of 

 Migar imported from the Hawaiian Islands into 

 the United States was $19,792,150, while the ex- 



ports of iron and steel manufactures to Hawaii 

 were $4,064,306 in value; of timber and w r ood 

 manufactures, $1,314,957; of breadstuff's, $1,022,- 

 955. From June 14, 1900, the customs tariff and 

 navigation laws have been in force in Hawaii, 

 and no separate reports of commerce are made. 



Politics and Legislation. The ascendency of 

 the Home Rule party, in spite of the intention of 

 the framers of the Constitution to keep control 

 by the restriction of the native vote, brought 

 about a conflict between the Legislature and the 

 executive. The Home Rulers controlled both 

 houses of the Legislature in its first session, 

 which was followed by a supplementary session. 

 In the voting for a delegate to Congress they 

 elected Robert W. Wilcox by 4,002 votes, against 

 3,756 cast for Sam Parker, the Republican candi- 

 date, and 1,650 for Prince David Kauanauka, the 

 candidate of the Democrats. Some of the elected 

 members on the majority side of both houses were 

 men from the humbler walks of life fishermen, 

 hackmen,and the like who were entirely ignorant 

 of English. Although the organic act prescribes 

 that proceedings must be in English, the Legis- 

 lature voted that Hawaiian might also be used, 

 the speeches delivered in the native language being 

 repeated in English by interpreters. The Legisla- 

 ture passed many acts that were vetoed by the 

 Governor and others that he condemned, and 

 spent much time in discussions as vain as they 

 were violent, and at the end of the sixty days 

 w 7 hich constitute the legal period for a session it 

 had not yet made appropriations for the schools 

 or for public works that were in progress. Mr. 

 Akima, the Speaker of the House, appealed to 

 the Governor to extend the session for thirty days 

 to enable unfinished business to be transacted. 

 Governor Dole replied that the conduct of the 

 session offered no assurance that such exten- 

 sion would tend to promote the interests of the 

 Territory. One act of the Legislature exempts 

 persons worth less than $3,500 from proceedings 

 in distraint for the recovery of debt. The poll- 

 tax was abolished, and a 2-per-cent. tax on in- 

 comes was imposed. Men having more than 5' 

 children were made exempt from taxation. The 

 quarantine laws of the United States in their 

 application to Hawaii w r ere condemned in a reso- 

 lution that was introduced, and lacked but few 

 votes of passing. A judicial tangle which divided 

 the judges and involved Gov. Dole in their quar- 

 rel was taken up by the Legislature, which inter- 

 fered in behalf of the new judges belonging to the 

 antimissionary school of politics and against 

 those of the old regime. Circuit-Judge Hum- 

 phreys, one of the new judges, gave offense to the 

 bar, the members of which petitioned for his re- 

 moval. George D. Gear, presiding judge of the 

 circuit court, ordered the release of several pris- 



