306 



INDIA. 



extending the railroad was begun in earnest, but 

 after a while operations were stopped. The 

 syndicate found that the customs revenue fell 

 away from the time it took charge, and accused the 

 Government of allowing smuggling to go on whole- 

 sale without taking any steps to stop it. The Gov- 

 ernment retorted that the syndicate was taking no 

 steps toward clearing off the bonds. The friction 

 resulted in the abandonment of this part of the 

 undertaking by the syndicate, which had to con- 

 tribute $200,000 to the $1,000,000 that it paid 

 the Government. The Government resumed charge 

 of the customs, each party charging the other with 

 bad faith. Before another year had expired the 

 syndic-ate brought another charge against the 

 Government of breach of contract. The Govern- 

 ment had promised alternate sections of land on 

 either side of the route of the railroad from 

 La Piinionta to Amapala, yet in the treaty for 

 the union of Honduras with Nicaragua and Sal- 

 vador to form the Greater Republic of Central 

 America the Pacific coast of Honduras was ceded 

 for a federal district, and if the union had become 

 a reality Honduras would have placed it beyond 

 her power to carry out the agreement relative 

 to the lands situated in this district. The syn- 

 dicate managers having threatened to invoke the 

 action of the United States Government, to avert 

 claims for damages the Honduras Government, 

 in May, 1901, made a new contract with the 

 syndicate, in which there were no stipulations 

 regarding the debt, the custom-houses, or the pro- 



jected bank, but only a lease of the existing rail- 

 road to the syndicate for $15,000 a year and an 

 agreement on the part of the syndicate to resume 

 work on the extension, accompanied, however, by 

 no guarantees and no conditions except that the 

 lease will become void if the syndicate fails to 

 build 15 miles of new railroad within two years. 

 The syndicate did not resume construction, and 

 the President contemplates the operation of the 

 railroad by the Government after the expiration 

 of the present contract, the profits to be de- 

 voted to extending the line, without which the in- 

 terior of Honduras can never be developed. 



Commerce and Production. Bananas are 

 cultivated extensively for the United States 

 market. Minor products are tobacco, sugar, corn, 

 coffee, indigo, rice, and wheat. Cattle are raised 

 in considerable numbers. The weaving of hats 

 is an important house industry. Gold, platinum, 

 silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron, antimony, and 

 nickel are found in many places and coal is pres- 

 ent, but mining is not carried on except washing 

 for gold in the stream beds. The value of im- 

 ports in 1899 was $1,409,788 in gold; of exports, 

 $2,656,661. The export of bananas was $445,337; 

 of cattle, $130,682;- of coffee, $53,221; of coconuts, 

 $65,904; of woods, $43,258; of silver, $277,332. Of 

 the total value of imports, $1,015,435 came from 

 the United States, $169,076 from Germany, and 

 $113,216 from Great Britain. Of the exports $1,- 

 710,379 went to the United States, $55,045 to 

 Germany, and $39,746 to Great Britain. 



IDAHO. (See under UNITED STATES.) 



ILLINOIS. (See under UNITED STATES.). 



INDIA, an empire in southern Asia, under the 

 sovereignty of the King of Great Britain and Ire- 

 land, who bears the title of Emperor of India, on 

 the basis of a personal union, and governed under 

 general acts of the British Parliament by a Gov- 

 ernor-General in consultation with and under in- 

 structions from the Secretary of State for India, 

 a member of the British Cabinet. The Governor- 

 General, popularly called the Viceroy, is advised 

 by a Council of 5 ordinary members, besides the 

 commander-in-chief of the forces, who are ap- 

 pointed for five years. The Legislative Council, 

 composed of the members of the Governor-Gen- 

 eral's Council and 16 additional members ap- 

 pointed by him on the recommendation of certain 

 public bodies, has power to make laws, subject 

 to the approval of the Governor-General, for all 

 persons within British India, for all British sub- 

 jects in native states, and for native Indian sub- 

 jects of the King in foreign countries. British 

 India is divided for purposes of administration 

 into the presidencies of Madras and Bombay, each 

 of which has a Governor, the lieutenant-governor- 

 ships of Bengal, the Northwest Provinces and 

 Ottdh, the Punjab, and Burma, and the chief-com- 

 missionerships of Coorg, Assam, and the Central 

 Provinces. Each Governor and Lieutenant-Gov- 

 ernor has his Legislative Council. The nine prov- 

 inces are subdivided into about 250 districts. 

 More than 600 feudatory native states are sub- 

 ject to the control of the Governor-General. 



George Nathaniel Curzon, created Baron Curzon 

 of Kedleston, has been Governor-General since 

 1898, when he succeeded Lord Elgin. The mem- 

 bers of the Council in the beginning of 1901 were 

 Major-Gen. E. H. Collen, Sir A. C. Trevor, C. M. 

 Rivaz, Sir Edward FitzGerald Law, and Thomas 

 Raleigh. The commander-in-chief of the forces 



was Gen. Sir Arthur Power Palmer. The Gov- 

 ernor of Bombay was Lord Northcote; Governor 

 of Madras, Lord Ampthill; Lieutenant-Go vernor 

 of Bengal, Sir John Woodburn; Lieutenant-Gov- 

 ernor of the Northwest Provinces and Oudh. Sir 

 A. P. H. Macdonnell; Lieutenant-Governor of the 

 Punjab, Sir W. M. Young; Lieutenant-Governor 

 of Burma, Sir F. W. R. Fryer; Chief Commissioner 

 of the Central Provinces, A. H. L. Eraser; Chief 

 Commissioner of Assam, H. J. S. Cotton; Chief 

 Commissioner of Coorg and Resident of Mysore, 

 Col. D. Robertson; Resident at Haidarabad, Sir 

 T. J. C. Chichele-Plowden. At the cjose of the 

 financial year Major-Gen. Sir Edmond R. Elles 

 succeeded Sir Edwin Collen as Military Member 

 of the Viceroy's Council. 



Area and Population. British India has an 

 area of 965,005 square miles. The population in 

 1891 was 221,266,000. The area of the feudatory 

 states is 992,000 square miles, and their popula- 

 tion was 66,050,000, making the total area of the 

 Indian Empire 1,957,000 square miles, with a total 

 population in 1891 of 287,317,000. The census of 

 1901 makes the population of the British terri- 

 tory 231,085,000, an increase of 4.44 per cent v ; 

 that of the native states 63,181,000, a decrease of 

 4.34 per cent. The total population of all India 

 was 294,266,701, an increase of 2.42 per cent. The 

 actual increase is 6,949,653, bvit this includes the 

 population of tracts enumerated for the first time. 

 Eliminating these, the proportionate increase is 

 reduced to 4,283,069, or only 1.49 per cent., com- 

 pared with 11.2 per cent, in the previous decen- 

 nium. The native states that were visited by 

 the famine show decreases of 19.23 per cent, in 

 Baroda, 18.1 per cent, in Rajputana, 17.5 per cent, 

 in the Central Indian states, 14.49 per cent, in 

 those of Bombay, 8.19 per cent, in those of the 

 Central Provinces, and 3.14 per cent, in Haidara- 

 bad, while the ones that escaped total drought 



